- Jan 31 Henry I, Duke of Guise, French Catholic leader, (d. 1588)
John Napier (1550-1617)
Feb 1 Scottish mathematician and inventor (logarithms), born in Edinburgh, Scotland
Charles IX (1550-1574)
Jun 27 King of France (1560-74), born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
- Jun 28 Johannes van den Driesche, Flemish Hebraist, born in Oudenarde, Flanders, Belgium (d. 1616)
- Jul 3 Jakob Handl [Petelin], German-Austrian composer (Opus musicum), and Cistercian monk, born in Reifnitz, Carniola (now Ribnica, Slovenia) (d. 1591)
- Aug 16 Carolus Gallus [Karel de Haan], Dutch lawyer, pastor and vicar, born in Arnhem, Netherlands (d. 1606)
- Sep 10 Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, Spanish Armada commander, born in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Cádiz, Spain (d. 1615)
- Sep 17 Pope Paul V [Camillo Borghese], 233rd pope (1605-21) and persecutor of Galileo, born in Rome (d. 1621)
- Sep 30 Michael Maestlin, German mathematician (d. 1631)
- Oct 4 Charles IX, King of Sweden (1604-11), born in Stockholm Castle, Sweden (d. 1611)
- Oct 15 Henry, Dutch Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and youngest brother of William I Prince of Orange, born in Dillenburg (d. 1574)
- Nov 6 Karin Månsdotter, Queen of Sweden, born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 1612)
- Dec 6 Orazio Tiberio Vecchi, Italian composer, born in Modena, Duchy of Modena and Reggio (now Italy) (d. 1605)
- Dec 22 Cesare Cremonini, Italian professor of natural philosophy, born in Cento, Papal States (now Italy) (d. 1631)