- Feb 6 Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman executed for fratricide, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1599)
- Feb 8 Robert Burton, British writer and Anglican clergyman (The Anatomy of Melancholy), born in Lindley, Leicestershire, England (d. 1640)
- Apr 12 Christian IV of Denmark, King of Denmark and Norway (1588-1648), born in Frederiksborg Palace, Denmark (d. 1648)
- Apr 26 Elisabeth of Nassau, Dutch noble, daughter of William I of Orange and Charlotte of Bourbon, Duchess of Bouillon (1595-1623), born in Middelburg, Netherlands (d. 1642)
- May 1 François de Kinschot, Dutch jurist and chancellor of Brabant, born in Brussels, Belgium (d. 1654)
- May 28 Floris II van Pallandt, Dutch Count of Culemborg and politician, born in Culemborg, Kasteel Culemborg, Gelderland, Spanish Netherlands (d. 1639) [date of birth disputed, some sources cite January 23]
- Jun 2 Giovanni Righi, Italian composer and friar, born in Fabriano, Papal States (d. 1539)
- Jun 12 Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (Guldinus theorem), born in Mels, Switzerland (d. 1643)
- Jun 21 Giovanni Del Turco, Italian composer, born in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (d. 1647)
- Jun 28 Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish Baroque painter (Circumcision), born in Siegen (d. 1640)
- Jul 9 Thomas West, 3rd & 12th Baron De La Warr, English Jamestown colonist and Governor of Virginia, born in Wherwell, Hampshire, England (d. 1618)
- Sep 16 Pietro Tacca, Italian sculptor and architect (Aanbidding of the Point), born in Carrara, Italy (d. 1640)
- Oct 1 Fidelis of Sigmaringen, Swiss friar, martyr, and saint, born in Sigmaringen, Germany (d. 1622)
- Oct 7 Ferdinand of Bavaria, German prince elector and Catholic Archbishop of Cologne, born in Munich (d. 1650)
- Oct 17 Cristofano Allori, Italian Mannerist painter (Judith), born in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (now Italy) (d. 1621)
- Nov 10 Jacob Cats [Father Cats], Dutch grand pensionary and poet (Houwelyck), born in Brouwershaven, Netherlands (d. 1660)
Piet Heyn (1577-1629)
Nov 25 Dutch privateer who captured a Spanish silver fleet and admiral who became a folk hero, born in Delfshaven, County of Holland
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
80-89
Over 90