- Jan 27 Hendrick Avercamp, Dutch painter (d. 1634)
- Feb 12 Caspar Bartholin the Elder, Danish physician, theologian, writer on anatomy, born in Malmö, Denmark (modern Sweden) (d. 1629)
- Feb 25 Pieter van den Broecke, Dutch merchant with East India Company who established first Dutch trade with Arabia, born in Antwerp (d. 1640)
- Mar 5 John Georg I, Elector of Saxony (1611-56, Peace of Prague), born in Dresden, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1656)
- Mar 13 Federico Cesi, Italian naturalist and founder of the first modern scientific society, the Accademia dei Lincei, 1603, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1630)
- Mar 16 Gerbrant A Bredero, Dutch poet and playwright (Klucht van de Koe), born in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic (d. 1618)
- Jun 20 Lazaro Valvasensi, Italian organist and composer, born in Valvasone, Republic of Venice (d. 1661)
- Sep 9 Armand Jean du Plessicide de Richelieu, French statesman and Cardinal (chief minister to Louis XIII 1624-42), born in Paris, France (d. 1642)
- Sep 10 Ercole Porta, Italian church composer, born in Bologna, Papal States (now Italy) (d. 1630)
- Oct 4 Anna of Tyrol, Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia (1611-18), born in Innsbruck, Austria (d. 1618)
- Oct 9 Heinrich Schütz, German organist and composer, baptized in Köstritz, Germany (d. 1672)
- Oct 28 Cornelius Jansen, Dutch Roman Catholic reform leader (Jansenism), born in Acquoy, County of Holland, Dutch Republic (d. 1638)
- Nov 1 Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer, born in Kurzelów, Sandomierz Province, Poland (d. 1652)
- Dec 13 William Drummond of Hawthornden, Scottish poet, born in Hawthornden Castle, Midlothian, Scotland (d. 1649)
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
80-89
Over 90