- Jan 7 James Harrington, English author and political theorist of classical republicanism (The Commonwealth of Oceana), born in Upton, England (d. 1677)
- Jan 28 Johannes Hevelius, Polish astronomer who pioneered lunar topography (Prodromus Astronomiae - catalogue of over 1500 stars), born in Danzig (d. 1687)
- Feb 19 Andries de Graeff, Dutch leader during Dutch Golden Age (Mayor of Amsterdam 1657-71), born in Amsterdam (d. 1678)
- Mar 25 Evliya Çelebi, Turkish traveller (Seyâhatnâme), born in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire (d. 1682)
- Apr 9 Giacomo Maria Predieri, Italian composer, born in Bologna, Papal States (d. 1695)
- May 4 Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect and composer, born in Rome (d. 1691)
- May 16 Innocent XI [Benedetto Odescalchi], Italian, 240th Pope (1676-89), born in Como (d. 1689)
- Jun 1 Felician Schwab, German organist, composer, and Franciscan monk, baptized in Altdorf, Swabia (d. 1661)
- Jun 22 Pablo Bruna, Spanish blind composer, born in Daroca, Spain (d. 1679)
- Jul 16 Archduchess Cecilia Renata of Austria, Queen of Poland, born in Graz, Austria (d. 1644)
- Aug 9 Henry II, Count of Nassau-Siegen (1611-23), born in Siegen (d. 1652)
- Aug 18 Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, French princess and queen of Poland, born in Nevers, France (d. 1667)
- Sep 8 Johann Friedrich Gronovius, German classical scholar, born in Hamburg, Germany (d. 1671)
- Sep 11 Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, Marshal of France, born in Château de Sedan, Sedan, France (d. 1675)
- Oct 11 Hugues de Lionne, Marquess de Berry, French ambassador to Rome, born in Grenoble, France (d. 1671)
- Oct 18 Valentin Strobel, German lutenist and composer, baptized in Halle, Saxony (d. after 1669)
- Nov 1 François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-born French army commander (Thirty Years' War), born in Piedmont, Duchy of Savoy (d. 1656)
- Nov 3 Henry Ireton, English general and parliament leader (Marston Moor), born in Attenborough, Nottinghamshire, England (d. 1651)
Year of the Rabbit
Year of the Dragon
Year of the Snake
Year of the Horse
Year of the Goat/Sheep
Year of the Monkey