- Jan 12 Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish general (d. 1795)
- Jan 15 Philip Livingston, American businessman and politician (signed US Declaration of Independence), born in Albany, New York (d. 1778)
- Jan 20 Carlos III, King of Spain (1759-88) and King of Naples and Sicily (1734-59), born in Royal Alcazar of Madrid, Spain (d. 1788)
- Jan 20 Jean-Jacques Barthélemy, French writer and numismatist (d. 1795)
- Jan 26 George Sackville Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville, British soldier and politician (Secretary of State for the Americas during War of Independence), born in London, England (d. 1785)
- Feb 18 Gaspard Fritz, Swiss composer and violinist, born in Geneva, Switzerland (d. 1783)
- Mar 6 Pehr Kalm, Swedish explorer and naturalist (d. 1779)
- Mar 21 Josef Seger [Segert], Czech composer, organist, and educator, born in Řepín, Bohemia (d. 1782)
- Apr 4 Johann Evangelist Schreiber, Swiss Baroque composer, born in Arth, Switzerland (d. 1800)
- Apr 9 Johann Georg Zechner, Austrian composer, born in Gleisdorf, Austria (d. 1778)
- Apr 12 Felice Giardini, Italian composer, born in Turin, Duchy of Savoy (d. 1796)
- May 29 Louis-Jean-Marie Daubenton, French zoologist, born in Montbard, Côte-d'Or, France (d. 1800)
- Jun 18 Joseph-Marie Vien, French court painter, born in Montpellier, France (d. 1809)
- Jun 23 Fletcher Norton, 1st Baron Grantley, English politician, Speaker of the House of Commons, born in England (d. 1789)
- Sep 2 Johann Trier, German organist and composer, born in Themar, Thuringia (d. 1790)
- Oct 3 Giovanni Battista Beccaria, Italian physicist, born in Mondovì, Piedmont, Italy (d. 1781)
- Oct 6 George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, English statesman, born in Dover, England (d. 1771)
- Oct 25 Petronio Maria Pio Sgabazzi, Italian composer, born in Bologna, Papal States (now Italy) (d. after 1740)
- Dec 1 Etienne-Maurice Falconet, French sculptor patronized by Madame de Pompadour, born in Paris, France (d. 1791)
- Dec 16 Louis-Jules Mancini-Mazarini, Duc de Nivernais, French diplomat and writer (d. 1798)
- Dec 23 Johann Heinrich Rolle, German composer, born in Quedlinburg, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1785)
- Dec 25 Johann Jakob Reiske, German scholar and physician (d. 1774)
- Dec 26 Jean François de Saint-Lambert, French poet (d. 1803)
- Dec 26 Thomas Gray, English poet (Elegy Written in a Country Church Yard), born in Cornhill, England (d. 1771)
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