- Jan 15 Richard Martin, Irish politician and animal rights activist, born in Ballynahinch Castle, Ireland (d. 1834)
- Jan 24 Andrew Ellicott, American surveyor (d. 1820)
- Jan 29 Moses Cleaveland, founder of Cleveland (d. 1806)
- Jan 30 John Lansing Jr., American lawyer and statesman, born in Albany, New York (d. 1829)
Talleyrand (1754-1838)
Feb 2 French statesman, born in Paris
- Feb 17 Jan Jachym Kopriva, Czech composer and organist, born in Cítoliby, Czech Republic (d. 1792)
- Feb 19 Nicolas Baudin, French explorer, led cartographic survey of the coast of Australia, born in St-Pierre-de-Ré, France (d. 1803)
- Feb 19 Vincenzo Monti, Italian poet and translator (Al Signor di Montgolfier, the Iliad), born in Alfonsine, Emilia-Romagna (d. 1828)
- Mar 4 Benjamin Waterhouse, American physician, co-founder of Harvard Medical School, and smallpox vaccine pioneer, born in Newport, Rhode Island (d. 1846)
- Mar 4 Dieudonne-Pascal Pieltain, Flemish composer, baptized in Liège, Belgium (d. 1833)
- Mar 15 Silvestro Palma, Italian composer, born in Barano d'Ischia, Kingdom of Naples (d. 1834)
- Mar 17 Madame Roland [Marie-Jeanne Phlippon], French revolutionary (member of the Girondist faction), born in Paris, France (d. 1793)
- Mar 23 Baron Jurij Vega, Slovenian mathematician, physicist, and artillery officer (d. 1802)
- Apr 9 Antonio Frantisek Becvarovsky, Czech composer, born in Mlada Boleslav, Kingdom of Bohemia (d. 1823)
- May 2 Vicente Martín y Soler, Valencian composer, born in Valencia, Spain (d. 1806)
- May 10 Asmus Jakob Carstens, Danish-German Neoclassical painter, born near Schleswig, Denmark (d. 1798)
- May 12 Franz Anton Hoffmeister, German composer, born in Rottenburg am Neckar, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1812)
- May 15 Pierre Dutillieu, French-Italian opera composer, born in Lyon, France (d. 1798)
- May 20 Hans Gram, Danish-American organist, composer, and musicologist, born in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 1804)
- May 23 Andrea Appiani, Italian royal painter (Napoleon), born in Milan (d. 1817)
- May 24 Giacomo Conti, Italian composer, born in Milan, Duchy of Milan (d. 1805)
- Jun 4 Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, Austrian astronomer, born in Pest, Hungary (d. 1832)
- Jun 16 Salawat Yulayev, Bashkir national hero and poet (d. 1800)
- Jul 11 Thomas Bowdler, British physician and writer (Family Shakespeare), born in Ashley, Somerset, England (d. 1825)
- Jul 20 Antoine Destutt de Tracy, French Enlightenment philosopher, born in Paris (d. 1836)
Pierre Charles L'Enfant (1754-1825)
Aug 2 French-born American architect who laid out Washington, D.C., born in Paris, France
- Aug 18 François, Marquis de Chasseloup-Laubat, French general (d. 1833)
- Aug 21 Banastre Tarleton, British soldier and politician (Waxhaws Massacre), born in Liverpool, England (d. 1833)
- Aug 21 William Murdoch, Scottish inventor (oscillating cylinder steam engine), born in Cumnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland (d. 1839)
Louis XVI (1754-1793)
Aug 23 King of France (1774-93) eventually guillotined, born in Versailles, Yvelines, France
- Aug 28 Peter Winter, German composer, born in Mannhein, Germany (d. 1825)
William Bligh (1754-1817)
Sep 9 British naval commander (mutinied against on HMS Bounty), born in Plymouth (probable), England
John Laurens (1754-1782)
Oct 28 American soldier, diplomat and abolitionist, born in Charleston, South Carolina
- Nov 26 Georg Forster, German writer, naturalist (A Voyage Round the World) and revolutionary, born in Nassenhuben (Mokry Dwór), Royal Prussia, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (d. 1794)
- Dec 2 William Cooper, American judge and developer (founded Cooperstown, New York), born in Smithfield, Pennsylvania (d. 1809)
- Dec 7 Jack Jouett, American politician and patriot (warn Thomas Jefferson of British attack), born in Albemarle County, Virginia (d. 1822)
- Dec 9 Etienne Ozi, French composer and bassoonist, born in Nimes (d. 1813)
- Dec 24 George Crabbe, English poet (Everlasting Mercy), born in Aldeburgh, England (d. 1832)