- Jan 1 André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (d. 1860)
- Jan 24 Karl Moser, German composer and violinist, born in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1851)
- Feb 11 Hans Järta, Swedish political activist (d. 1847)
- Feb 15 Frederick, Dutch Prince of Orange, General and Second son of King William V, born in the Hague, Netherlands (d. 1799)
- Feb 16 Pierre Rode, French composer and violinist, born in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France (d. 1830)
- Feb 17 Raphaelle Peale, American painter (After the Rain, 1823), born in Annapolis, Maryland (d. 1825)
- Feb 24 Prince Adolphus, 1st Duke of Cambridge (d. 1850)
- Mar 5 Christoph Ernst Friedrich Weyse, Danish organist and composer (Ludlam’s Hule), born in Altona, Duchy of Holstein, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1842)
Matthew Flinders (1774-1814)
Mar 16 English explorer, navigator and cartographer who was 1st to circumnavigate Australia, born in Donington, England [1]
- Mar 20 John Braham, English tenor singer and composer, born in London (d. 1856)
- Apr 17 Václav Tomášek, Czech pianist, composer (Eclogues), and pedagogue, born in Skuteč, Bohemia (now Czech Republic) (d. 1850)
- Apr 21 Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist (Biot-Savart law), born in Paris (d. 1862)
- Apr 26 Christian Leopold von Buch, German geologist and paleontologist, born in Stolpe an der Oder, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Prussia (d. 1853)
- Apr 28 Francis Baily, English astronomer and describer of "Baily's Beads" during solar eclipse, born in Newbury, Berkshire, England (d. 1844)
- May 7 William Bainbridge, American naval officer, born in Princeton, New Jersey (d. 1833)
- May 27 Francis Beaufort, Irish admiral and hydrographer (Beaufort wind force scale), born in Navan, County Meath, Ireland (d. 1857)
- Jun 2 William Lawson, English born explorer of New South Wales, Australia, born in Finchley, England (d. 1850)
- Jun 21 Daniel D. Tompkins, American politician, 6th US Vice President (1817-25), born in Scarsdale, New York (d. 1825)
- Jun 23 Matthijs Siegenbeek, Dutch linguist (set out official Dutch spelling), born in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic (d. 1854)
- Jun 24 François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo, French Army general, born in Lunéville, France (d. 1838)
- Jul 20 Auguste Marmont, French marshal, born in Châtillon-sur-Seine, France (d. 1852)
- Aug 12 Robert Southey, English writer (The Story of the Three Bears), Poet Laureate (1813-43) and biographer (Nelson), born in Bristol, England (d. 1843)
Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809)
Aug 18 American explorer, soldier and public administrator who helped lead the Lewis and Clark Expedition, born in Ivy, Virginia
Elizabeth Ann Seton (1774-1821)
Aug 28 1st American Catholic saint (canonized 1975), born in New York City
- Sep 5 Caspar David Friedrich, German painter, chiefly of landscapes with contemplative figures in the Romantic style, born in Greifswald, Swedish Pomerania (now Germany) (d. 1840)
- Sep 8 Anna Katharina Emmerick, Roman Catholic Augustinian Canoness Regular of Windesheim, Marian visionary, ecstatic and stigmatist, born in Coesfeld, Westphalia, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1824)
- Sep 14 Lord William Henry Cavendish Bentinck, British soldier and statesman (Governor-General of India, 1828-1835), born in Buckinghamshire, England (d. 1839)
- Sep 17 Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal, linguist and hyperpolyglot (understood 70 languages), born in Bologna, Italy (d. 1849)
- Sep 26 Johnny Appleseed [John Chapman], American pioneer nurseryman (introduced apple trees to Pennsylvania, Ontario, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois), born in Leominster, Massachusetts (d. 1845)
- Oct 7 Ferdinando Orlandi, Italian musician, singing teacher, and composer, born in Duchy of Parma (d. 1848)
- Oct 14 Hubert Matthijs Adriaan Jan van Asch van Wijck, Dutch lawyer and politician (Mayor of Utrecht,1827-1839), born in Utrecht, Netherlands (d. 1843)
- Oct 18 Adolf Muller, German dramatist and critic, born near Weissenfels (d. 1829)
- Nov 14 Gaspare Spontini, Italian opera composer and conductor (La Vestale), born in Maiolati, Papal State (now Maiolati Spontini, Italy) (d. 1851)
- Nov 15 William Horsley, English musician and composer, born in London (d. 1858)
- Nov 18 Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands (1815-37), born in Potsdam, Prussia (d. 1837)
- Nov 24 Thomas Dick, Scottish scientific teacher and writer (d. 1857)
- Dec 20 Guillaume-Perre-Antoine Gatayes, French composer and guitarist, born in Paris, France (d. 1846)
- Dec 30 Pieter G. Witsen Geysbeek, Dutch historian (d. 1833) [or Dec 31]