- Jan 5 St John Nepomucene Neumann, 1st male US saint, dies
- Jan 12 Martinus Niewindt, Dutch Bishop of Curacao (christened slaves), dies at 63
- Jan 13 William Mason, American politician, dies at 73
- Jan 24 James Pollard Espy, American meteorologist (Philosophy of Storms), dies at 74
- Jan 27 János Bolyai, Hungarian mathematician (non-Euclidean geometry), dies at 57
- Jan 27 Thomas Brisbane, British soldier, administrator and astronomer, dies at 86
- Jan 30 Francesco Antonio Norberto Pinto, Portuguese violinist, hornist and composer (Adoração ao Sol), dies at 44
- Feb 9 Eduard van Dam van Isselt, Dutch military officer and liberal politician, dies at 63
- Feb 20 Henry Drummond, English banker and religious leader, dies at 69
- Feb 25 Chauncey Allen Goodrich, American clergyman, educator, and lexicographer (b. 1790)
- Feb 29 George Bridgetower, Polish-African violinist (musical prodigy who inspired Beethoven), dies at 81 [1]
- Mar 6 (Justus Johann) Friedrich Dotzauer, German cellist (Dresden Court Orchestra, 1821-50), composer, and teacher, dies at 77
- Mar 14 Louis-Antoine Jullien, French conductor, dies at 47
- Mar 17 Anna Brownell Jameson, Anglo-Irish historian and writer (Loves of the Poets), dies at 65
- Mar 25 James Braid, Scottish surgeon (b. 1795)
- Mar 28 Johann Ludwig Bohner, German composer, dies at 73
- May 12 Charles Barry, British architect (rebuilding of the Palace of Westminster, dies at 64
- May 13 Christian Gmelin, German chemist, dies at 67
- May 14 Ludwig Bechstein, German writer (b. 1801)
- May 21 Johannes Frederik Fröhlich, Danish violinist and composer, dies at 53
- May 23 Albert Richard Smith, author/lecturer, dies
- May 31 Peter Vivian Daniel, American jurist, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1841-60), dies at 76
- Jun 24 Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia (1807-13), dies at 75
- Jun 25 Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, The Māori King, dies at Ngāruawāhia, New Zealand
- Jun 29 Thomas Addison, English physician (A-Biermer Disease), dies at 67
Charles Goodyear (1800-1860)
Jul 1 American chemist and manufacturing engineer who invented the vulcanization process for rubber, dies at 59
- Jul 6 Alexandre Goria, French pianist and composer, dies at 37
- Jul 13 John Ackersdijk, Dutch state house builder, dies at 69
- Aug 11 James Wilson, politician
- Aug 12 Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later also known as Grand Duchess Anna Feodorovna of Russia, dies at 79
- Aug 13 Danillo II, ruler of Montenegro, dies
- Aug 14 André Marie Constant Duméril, French zoologist (b. 1774)
- Aug 26 Philipp Friedrich Silcher, German composer, dies at 71
- Sep 3 Aleksey Stepanovich Khomyakov, Russian poet, dies at 56
- Sep 12 John Winebrenner, American clergyman (founded Church of God General Conference), dies at 63
- Sep 18 Casimiro de Abreu, Brazil, poet (Meus oito anos), novelist and playwright (Camoes e o jau), dies at 21
- Sep 18 Joseph Locke, English railway and civil engineer, dies at 55
- Sep 21 Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher ("The World as Will and Representation") known for his philosophical pessimism, dies of pulmonary-respiratory failure at 72
- Sep 25 Carl Friedrich Zöllner, German composer, dies at 60
- Sep 29 Chapin A. Harris, American dentist who founded the America Society of Dental Surgeons, dies at 54
- Oct 2 Louis Hersent, painter, dies
- Oct 3 Rembrandt Peale, American portrait and historical painter (Margaret Irvine Miller ,1805; Court of Death, 1820), and museum keeper (Baltimore), dies at 82
- Oct 6 Stephen Elvey, British organist and choir master (New College, Oxford 1830 -60), and hymn composer, dies at 55
- Oct 12 Harry Smith, English military commander and leader of British-Indian forces (Battle of Aliwal), dies at 73
- Oct 24 Élie, Duke Decazes, French Bourbon Restoration politician (Sainte-Martin-de-Laye, France), dies at 80
- Oct 31 Johannes Nathan, Dutch murderer, the last ordinary execution in the Netherlands, hanged for killing his mother-in-law
- Oct 31 Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, British admiral, dies at 84
- Nov 5 Carl Binder, Austrian composer, dies at 43
- Nov 8 Charles Fellows, English Archaeologist who discovered ruins of the cities of ancient Lycia and brought to Lycian marbles to England, dies at 61
- Nov 14 Feliks Ostrowski, Polish pianist and composer, dies at 58
- Nov 28 Ludwig Rellstab, German music theorist, dies at 61
- Dec 2 Alfred Bunn, British theatrical manager (b. 1796)
- Dec 7 Konstantin Sergeyevich Aksakov, Russian historian and poet, dies at 43
George Hamilton-Gordon (1784-1860)
Dec 14 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (Peelite: 1852-55) and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1841-46), dies at 76
Assassination
Drug Overdose
Gunshot Wound
Murder
Plane Crash
Suicide