Venezuela Declares Independence
Jul 5 Venezuelan Declaration of Independence: Seven provinces declare themselves independent of Spain
Avogadro’s Law
Jul 11 Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoir on the molecular content of gases
- Jul 27 Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, Spanish Catholic priest, and leader Mexican independence, defrocked and excommunicated by the church
- Jul 30 Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed after being found guilty of treason by the Spanish military in Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors
Dictators
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