Gertrude Bell

Profession: Archaeologist and Writer

Nationality:

Biography: Gertrude Bell was a British archaeologist and writer who played a significant role in British imperial policy-making in the Middle East, particularly in Iraq, during and after World War I. She is often remembered for her influential role in the establishment of the modern state of Iraq.

Born into a wealthy family in England, Bell was one of the first women to graduate from Oxford University, where she specialized in history. Her affluent background and education provided her with opportunities to travel extensively.

Bell's travels in the Middle East began in the early 20th century. She learned several languages, including Arabic and Persian, and developed a deep interest in the region's geography, culture, and politics. Her extensive travels and interactions with local leaders throughout the Middle East gave her significant understanding of the region.

During World War I, Bell worked for British intelligence in the Arab Bureau in Cairo, alongside individuals like T. E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia). She played a crucial role in British policy-making in the region, leveraging her unique knowledge and relationships with Arab leaders.

After the war, Bell was heavily involved in the political reconfiguration of the Middle East. She was a key figure in the discussions that led to the establishment of the modern state of Iraq. Bell advocated for and helped facilitate the installation of Faisal I as the first king of Iraq, believing that a strong, centralized monarchy would bring stability to the region.

Bell was also an accomplished archaeologist and writer. She documented her travels in several books and played a significant part in the establishment of the Iraq Museum in Baghdad.

She has been described as "one of the few representatives of His Majesty's Government remembered by the Arabs with anything resembling affection."

Born: July 14, 1868
Birthplace: Washington Hall, County Durham, England
Star Sign: Cancer

Died: July 12, 1926 (aged 57)
Cause of Death: Drug overdose of sleeping pills