- Feb 16 Rheticus [Georg Joachim de Porris], Italian-Austrian mathematician (trigonometric tables), astronomer, physician, and cartographer, born in Feldkirch, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1574, or 1576)
- Feb 22 Tahmasp I, shah of Iran (1524-76) and author (Tazkire-i Shah), born in Shāhābād, Safavid Iran (d. 1576)
- Mar 8 Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord, born in Izumo, Japan (d. 1562)
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
Dec 31 Flemish physician and anatomist (De humani corporis fabrica), born in Brussels, Habsburg Netherlands (now Belgium)
