- Jan 8 Uesugi Kagekatsu, Japanese samurai daimyō, born in Echigo Province (d. 1623)
- Jan 27 Abbas I, Abbas the Great, Shah of Persia who made Eṣfahān his capital (1588-1629), born in Herat, Safavid Iran (d. 1629)
- Feb 7 Maria van Nassau, Dutch countess of Buren (d. 1616)
- Feb 21 Sethus Calvisius, German composer, born in Gorsleben, Electorate of Saxony, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1615)
- Mar 7 Guillaume du Vair, French writer and thinker, born in Paris (d. 1621)
- Mar 18 Francois of Valois, French duke of Anjou, youngest son of French King Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, Duke of Brabant, (d. 1584)
- Aug 10 Philipp Nicolai, German Lutheran pastor, poet, composer and hymnodist, born in Mengeringhausen, Landgraviate of Hesse, Holy Roman Empire (now Germany) (d. 1607)
- Oct 24 Giovanni Battista Caccini, Italian sculptor, born in Montopiaoli Val d'Arno, Duchy of Florence (now Italy) (d. 1613)
- Oct 26 Ahmad Baba, Islamic jurist and writer (biographical dictionary of the Mālikī), born in Arawān, near Timbuktu, Songhai Empire (d. 1627)
- Nov 15 Jacques Davy Duperron, French Roman Catholic cardinal, born in Saint-Lô, Normandy, France (d. 1618)
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