- Jan 4 Johann Friedrich Agricola, German (court) composer and organist, born in Dobitschen, Thuringia (d. 1774)
- Jan 13 Richard Hurd, English bishop and writer (d. 1808)
- Jan 17 Jean-Joseph Vadé, French songwriter, poet, and playwright, born in Ham, France (d. 1757)
- Jan 27 Samuel Foote, British actor, dramatist and theatre manager (Mirror), born in Truro, Cornwall (d. 1777)
- Jan 30 Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist & entomologist, born in Finspång, Sweden (d. 1778)
- Feb 8 Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1750)
- Feb 26 Gian Francesco Albani, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1803)
- Mar 9 Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, English politician (d. 1790)
- Mar 13 Charles Bonnet, Swiss naturalist and writer, born in Geneva (d. 1793)
- Mar 22 Nicolas-Henri Jardin, French architect who introduced Neoclassical architecture to Denmark, born in St. Germain des Noyers (d. 1799)
- Apr 3 Elia van Vilnius [Elijahu ben Salomo Zalman], Latvian rabbi, born in Sialiec, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (d. 1797)
- Apr 23 Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi, born in Sialiec, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (d. 1797)
- May 8 William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire, 5th Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1756-57), born in Hardwicke, England (d. 1764)
- May 11 Baron Münchhausen, German adventurer, soldier and storyteller (The Adventures of Baron Munchausen), born in Hanover (d. 1797)
- May 15 Maximilian Hell [Höll], Slovakian astronomer, Jesuit priest, and namesake of a lunar crater, born in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary (d. 1792)
- May 21 Antonio Corbisiero, Italian Baroque composer, born in Marzano di Nola, Kingdom of Naples (d. 1790)
- Jul 18 Gilbert White, English naturalist (Natural History and Antiquities of Selborn), born in Selborne, Hampshire (d. 1793)
- Jul 24 Louise Ulrike, Queen of Sweden and wife of Adolf Frederik, born in Berlin, Germany (d. 1782)
- Aug 8 Carl Fredrik Pechlin, Swedish politician (d. 1796)
- Aug 10 Franz Joseph Leonti Meyer of Schauensee, Swiss composer and organist, born in Lucerne, Switzerland (d. 1789)
- Aug 11 Martin Gerbert, German composer, music historian and Benedictine abbot, born in Horb am Neckar, Duchy of Württemberg (now Germany) (d. 1793)
- Aug 12 Konrad Ekhof [Hans Konrad Dieterich Eckhof], German actor and director, born in Hamburg, Germany (d. 1778)
- Aug 17 Charles-Dominique-Joseph Eisen, French engraver and painter (Contes de La Fontaine), born in Valenciennes, France (d. 1778)
- Aug 18 Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers, English murderer (d. 1760)
- Aug 20 Bernard de Bury, French musician and composer, born in Versailles, France (d. 1785)
- Aug 30 Samuel Whitbread, English brewer and Member of Parliament, born in Cardington, Bedfordshire (d. 1796)
- Sep 12 Frederick Philipse III, American land owner (Bronx, Westchester & Putnam), born in New York City (d. 1785)
- Sep 22 Adolph Carl Kunzen, German composer, born in Wittenberg (d. 1781)
- Oct 3 Johann Peter Uz, German poet (Lyrische Poem), born in Ansbach, Germany (d. 1796)
- Oct 4 Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian etcher, born in Mogliano Veneto, Italy (d. 1778)
- Oct 8 Jonathan Mayhew, American Congregational minister, born in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts (d. 1766)
- Oct 17 Maria Teresa Agnesi, Italian harpsichodist, singer, and composer, born in Milan, Habsburg Empire (now Italy) (d. 1795)
- Oct 19 John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist, born in Province of New Jersey (d. 1772)
- Nov 1 Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral, born in Rennes, France (d. 1791)
- Nov 16 Charles-Antoine Campion, Italian composer, born in Lunéville, Lorraine, France (d. 1788)
- Dec 4 Jean-Jacques Robson, Flemish composer, born in Dendermonde, Belgium (d. 1785)
- Dec 13 Carlo Gozzi, Italian dramatist, born in Venice (d. 1804)
- Dec 14 Justus Möser, German statesman and writer, born in Osnabrück, Germany (d. 1794)
Bonnie Prince Charlie (1720-1788)
Dec 20 English pretender to throne (Jacobite rebellion), born in Palazzo Muti, Rome, Papal States
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