- Jan 2 Jan Gelinde van Blom, Dutch Frisian notary, poet, and folksong writer, born in Harlingen, Batavian Republic (d. 1871)
- Jan 7 Charlotte Augusta of Wales, British princess and only legitimate grandchild of George III, born in London (d. 1817)
- Jan 22 Karl Claus, Russian chemist (d. 1864)
- Jan 24 Nicholas Mori, Anglo-Italian violinist and conductor, born in London, England (d. 1839)
- Jan 25 William McGillivray, Scottish naturalist and ornithologist, born in Old Aberdeen, Scotland (d. 1852)
- Feb 1 Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich, Swiss poet (d. 1865)
- Feb 17 Giovanni Pacini, Italian opera composer (Saffo), and educator, born in Catania, Kingdom of Sicily (d. 1867)
- Feb 17 Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician (d. 1866)
- Feb 20 Eduard van Dam van Isselt, Dutch military officer and liberal politician (d. 1860)
- Feb 22 Adolphe Quetelet, Belgian astronomer, mathematician and sociologist (body mass index scale), born in Ghent, French Republic (d. 1874)
- Feb 22 Alexis Bachelot, French missionary (d. 1837)
- Mar 10 José María Vargas, Venezuelan doctor, botanist and 2nd President of Venezuela (1835-36), born in La Guaira, Venezuela (d. 1854)
- Mar 24 John Corry Wilson Daly, Canadian politician (d. 1878)
- Apr 10 James Bowie, American pioneer and soldier (Texas Revolution), born in Logan, Kentucky (d. 1836)
- Apr 12 George N. Briggs, American lawyer and politician, 19th Governor of Massachusetts, born in Adams, Massachusetts (d. 1861)
- Apr 24 Karl Leberecht Immermann, German writer, born in Magdeburg (d. 1840)
- Apr 26 Auguste Mathieu Panseron, French composer, born in Paris (d. 1859)
Horace Mann (1796-1859)
May 4 American educator, author, abolitionist and politician who pioneered public schools, born in Franklin, Massachusetts
- May 4 Joseph Pannell Taylor, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Louisville, Kentucky (d. 1864)
- May 4 William H. Prescott, American historian, born in Salem, Massachusetts (d. 1859)
- May 9 August Pauly, German writer (Real Encyclopedia), born in Benningen am Neckar, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (d. 1845)
- May 17 Martinus Niewindt, Dutch Bishop of Curacao (advocate for fair treatment and abolition of slavery), born in Amsterdam (d. 1860)
- May 21 Reverdy Johnson, American politician and jurist (Dred Scott v. Sandford), born in Annapolis, Maryland (d. 1876)
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832)
Jun 1 French mechanical engineer and mathematician known as the "father of thermodynamics", born in Paris, France
- Jun 14 Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician, born in Neu-Raußnitz, Austrian Empire (d. 1866)
- Jun 25 Ferdinando Giorgetti, Italian composer, born in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (d. 1867)
- Jul 3 Nikolai Poveloy, Russian writer and publisher (Sotsjinenija), born in Irkutsk, Russia (d. 1846) [NS]
Nicholas I (1796-1855)
Jul 6 Tsar of Russia (1825-55), born in Gatchina Palace, Gatchina, Russian Empire
- Jul 15 Thomas Bulfinch, American mythologist (Bulfinch's Mythology), born in Newton, Massachusetts (d. 1867)
- Jul 16 Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, French painter, born in Paris (d. 1875)
- Jul 18 Feargus O'Connor, Leader of English Chartists, born in County Cork (d. 1855)
- Jul 20 Edward Hodges, English organist and composer, born in Bristol (d. 1867)
- Jul 23 Franz Berwald, Swedish composer, born in Stockholm, Sweden (d. 1868)
- Jul 24 Herman van Sonsbeeck, Dutch lawyer and statesman, born in Zwolle, Netherlands (d. 1865)
- Jul 24 John Middleton Clayton, U.S. Secretary of State (1849-50) and U.S. Senator from Delaware, born in Dagsboro, Delaware (d. 1856)
- Jul 26 George Catlin, American author and painter (American Indian scenes), born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (d. 1872)
Walter Hunt (1796-1859)
Jul 29 American inventor (safety pin, sewing machine), born in Martinsburg, New York
- Aug 25 James Lick, American land baron in California, born in Stumpstown, Pennsylvania (d. 1876)
- Sep 19 Hartley Coleridge, English poet, born in Kingsdown, Bristol, England (d. 1849)
- Sep 20 Franz Wilhelm Ferling, German oboist and composer (48 études for oboe), born in Halberstadt, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1874)
- Sep 22 Cornelius Stribling, American Naval Commander (Mexican–American War, Civil War), born in Pendleton, South Carolina (d. 1880)
- Sep 25 Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor, born in Paris (d. 1875)
- Sep 28 David Walker, African-American abolitionist (Appeal to Colored Citizens), born in Wilmington, North Carolina (d. 1830)
- Oct 4 John Richardson, Canadian writer (Wacousta, or the prophecy), born in Queenston, Ontario, Canada (d. 1852)
- Oct 9 Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English artist and Egyptologist, born in London, England (d. 1878)
- Oct 14 Adolf Ganz, German composer and violinist, born in Wiesbaden, Germany (d. 1870)
- Oct 23 Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1857)
- Oct 24 August von Platen, German poet, born in Ansbach, Germany (d. 1835)
- Nov 6 George Back, English sea officer and explorer (North Canada), born in Stockport, Cheshire (d. 1878)
- Nov 14 Carlo Conti, Italian composer, born in Arpino, Lazio, Papal States (now Italy) (d. 1868)
- Nov 19 Johann Wilhelm Mangold, German composer, born in Darmstadt, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1875)
- Nov 30 Carl Loewe, German composer, born in Löbejün, Germany (d. 1869)
- Dec 9 Prudent-Louis Aubery du Boulley, French composer, born in Verneuil, Eure, France (d. 1869)
- Dec 17 Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Canadian novelist (The Clockmaker; or, The Sayings and Doings of Samuel Slick of Slickville), born in Windsor, Canada (d. 1865)
- Dec 19 Manuel Breton de los Herreros, Spanish, poet, comic and playwright, born in Quel, Spain (d. 1873)
- Dec 27 Mirza Ghalib, Indian poet (d. 1869)
- Dec 29 Johann Christian Poggendorff, German physicist, born in Hamburg, Germany (d. 1877)
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