- Jan 6 Ferdinand Simon Gassner, Austrian composer and music writer, born in Vienna, Austria (d. 1851)
- Jan 14 Isaac da Costa, Jewish poet, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 1860)
- Jan 14 Johan Rudolph Thorbecke, Premier of Netherlands (Lib-1849..72), born in Zwolle, Netherlands (d. 1872)
- Jan 15 Thomas Crofton Croker, Irish story teller (Fairy legends), born in Cork, Ireland (d. 1854)
Auguste Comte (1798-1857)
Jan 19 French philosopher and father of sociology (A General View of Positivism), born in Montpellier, France
- Jan 20 Anson Jones, 5th and last President of Texas, born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts (d. 1858)
- Jan 24 Karl von Holtei, Silesian actor, playwright and author (Die Vagabunden), born in Poland (d. 1880)
- Jan 24 Karl von Staudt, German mathematician (projective geometry), born in the Free Imperial City of Rothenburg, (d. 1867)
- Jan 29 Henry Neele, English poet, born in London, England (d. 1828)
- Jan 31 Carl Gottlieb Reissiger, German composer and Kapellmeister (Dresden), born in Belzig (d. 1859)
- Feb 22 Charles Mynn Thruston, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Lexington, Kentucky (d. 1873)
- Mar 4 John Joseph Abercrombie, American Brigadier General (Union Army), born in Baltimore, Maryland (d. 1877)
- Mar 13 Abigail Fillmore, American 1st lady (1850-53), born in Stillwater, New York (d. 1853)
- Apr 2 August Heinrich Hoffmann, German writer, born in Fallersleben, Electorate of Brunswick -Lüneburg (d. 1874)
Charles Wilkes (1798-1877)
Apr 3 American Antarctic explorer and naval officer (Union Navy), born in New York City
- Apr 8 Dionysios Solomos, Greek poet of the Greek national anthem, born in Zakynthos Island, Greece (d. 1857)
- Apr 9 Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano, born in Saronno, Cisalpine Republic (d. 1865)
- Apr 11 Macedonio Melloni, Italian physicist (radiant light), born in Parma, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (now Italy) (d. 1854)
- Apr 17 Étienne Bobillier, French mathematician, born in Lons-le-Saunier, France (d. 1840)
- Apr 19 Franz Joseph Glæser, Czech-Danish composer, born in Horní Jiřetín, Bohemia (d. 1861)
- Apr 19 Heinrich Maria von Hess, German historical painter, born in Düsseldorf, Germany (d. 1863)
- Apr 26 Eugène Delacroix, French painter and etcher (Journal), born in Charenton-Saint-Maurice, Île-de-France, France (d. 1863)
- Apr 26 James Beckwourth, American fur trader and explorer, born in Frederick County, Virginia (d. 1867)
- May 14 František Palacký "Father of the Nation", Czech historian and politician (led Czech National Revival), born in Hodslavice, Habsburg Empire (d. 1876)
- May 18 Ethan Allen Hitchcock, American Major General (Union Army), born in Vergennes, Vermont (d. 1870)
- May 28 Josef Dessauer, Austrian composer, born in Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia (d. 1876)
- Jun 5 Alexei Fyodorovich Lvov, Russian composer, born in Reval, Russian Empire (now Tallinn, Estonia) (d. 1870)
- Jun 12 Samuel Cooper, American General (Confederate Army), born in New Hackensack, Dutchess County, New York (d. 1876)
- Jun 21 Wolfgang Menzel, German writer, born in Waldenburg, Silesia (d. 1873)
- Jun 29 Giacomo Leopardi, Italian poet and philosopher (The Poems of Leopardi), born in Recanati, Italy (d. 1837)
Alexandra Feodorovna (1798-1860)
Jul 13 Empress of Russia and wife of Nicholas I, born in Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin
- Jul 15 Charles H. Bell, American admiral (Union Navy), born in New York (d. 1875)
- Jul 24 John Adams Dix, American Major General (Union Army), born in Boscawen, New Hampshire (d. 1879)
- Aug 15 Sangolli Rayanna, Indian military chief warrior, born in Karnataka, India (d. 1831)
- Aug 21 Jules Michelet, French historian (History of France, L'Amour), born in Paris (d. 1874)
- Aug 28 Gershom Jaques Van Brunt, U.S. Army (Union Navy), born in Monmouth County, New Jersey (d. 1863)
- Sep 1 Richard Delafield, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in New York City (d. 1873)
- Sep 2 Thomas Holliday Hicks, (Union Gov) (d. 1865)
- Sep 11 Franz E. Neumann, German mineralogist, mathematician and physicist, born in Joachimsthal, Brandenburg, Germany (d. 1895)
- Sep 17 Antonio Benedetto Antonucci, Italian cardinal and diplomat, born in Subiaco, Italy (d. 1879)
- Sep 25 Henri Scheffer, Dutch painter, born in The Hague, Netherlands (d. 1862)
- Sep 25 Jean-Baptiste Élie de Beaumont, French mine engineer and geologist, born in Canon, Calvados, France (d. 1874)
- Oct 2 Charles Albert, King of Sardinia (1831-49), born in Turin, Italy (d. 1849)
- Oct 7 Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume, French musical instrument inventor, luthier and violin maker (Octobass), born in Mirecourt, France (d. 1875)
Pedro I (1798-1834)
Oct 12 Emperor of Brazil (1822-31) and King of Portugal (1826), born in Queluz Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
- Oct 28 Henri Bertini, French classical composer and pianist, born in London (d. 1876)
- Nov 1 Benjamin Guinness, Irish brewer and philanthropist, born in Dublin (d. 1868)
- Nov 3 Mason James Murray, American senator and Confederate diplomat (Trent Affair), born in Fairfax, Virginia (d. 1871)
- Nov 5 Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry and Italian princess of the House of Bourbon who led an unsuccessful rebellion against French King Louis-Philippe I, born in Caserta Palace, Caserta, Kingdom of Naples (d. 1870)
- Nov 29 Alexander Brullov, Russian painter (d. 1877)
- Dec 4 Jules Armand Dufaure, French statesman (Prime Minister of France 1871-73), born in Saujon, France (d. 1881)
- Dec 24 Adam Mickiewicz, Polish national poet (Pan Tadeusz), born in Zavosse, Belarus (d. 1855)