Italian History Timeline (Part 2)

Events 201 - 400 of 834

• 1814-03-30 Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Declaration which would later inspire Italian Unification
• 1815-10-08 Joachim Murat's French forces land at Pizzo, Italy

• 1841-08-21 John Hampton patents venetian blind
• 1843-06-24 Vincenzo Soliva decrees no Jew can live outside a ghetto in Italy

• 1847-11-28 Church of San Francisco dei Minori Conventuali in Bologna, Italy initiated with premier of Rossini's Tantum ergo
• 1848-01-12 Unsuccessful People's Uprising against the ruling Bourbons begins in Palermo, Sicily, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
• 1848-01-29 Sicily accepts new Constitution (choose parliament/freedom of press)
• 1848-07-23 Battle of Custoza-Italian War of Independence, starts
• 1848-07-25 1st battle at Custozza: Austrians under Radetzky beat Italian
• 1849-02-08 New Roman Republic established in Italy
• 1849-03-23 Battle of Novara (King Charles Albert vs Italian republic)
• 1849-07-03 The French enter Rome in order to restore Pope Pius IX to power; proves a major obstacle to Italian unification
• 1849-08-22 The first air raid in history; Austria launches pilotless balloons against the Italian city of Venice
• 1849-08-28 Venice under Daniele Manin surrenders to Austrians under Radetsky, having been under siege since July 20 after proclaiming independence

• 1852-11-04 Count Camillo Benso di Cavour becomes the prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia, which soon expands to become Italy
• 1853-03-06 Giuseppe Verdi's opera "La Traviata" premieres at Teatro La Fenice in Venice, Italy
• 1857-12-16 Earthquake in Naples, Italy

• 1859-06-04 Second Italian War of Independence: Battle of Magenta, results in a French-Sardinian victory under Napoleon III over the Austrians under Marshal Ferencz Gyulai

• 1860-04-02 1st Italian Parliament meets at Turin

• 1861-03-17 Italy is unified into a single kingdom under Victor Emmanuel II following the campaigns led by Giuseppe Garibaldi
• 1862-03-22 San Marino & Italy conclude treaty of friendship & cooperation
• 1862-08-29 Battle of Aspromonte; Italian royal forces defeat rebels
• 1866-04-08 Italy and Prussia ally against Austria-Hungary.
• 1866-06-20 Italy declares war on Austria beginning the Third Italian War of Independence
• 1866-06-24 Second Battle at Custozza: the Austrian Imperial army, joined by the Venetian Army decisively defeated the Italian army, despite the Italians' strong numerical advantage
• 1866-07-17 Italian fleet under Admiral Count Carlo Pellion di Persano captures Austrian Fort Lissa
• 1866-07-20 Sea battle of Lissa-Austria vs Italy
• 1866-11-04 Kingdom of Italy annexes Venetia
• 1867-11-03 Battle of Mentana: French and Papal State troops defeat Italian volunteers led by Giuseppe Garibaldi
• 1870-09-20 Capture of Rome by Italian army, Pope Pius IX surrenders to King Victor Emmanuel which unifies Italy and ends 1,116 year reign of Papal States
• 1870-10-02 Italy annexes Rome & Papal States; Rome made Italian capital
• 1870-10-09 Rome is incorporated into Italy by royal decree
• 1870-11-16 Spanish Parliament, "the Cortes" formally elects Italian Prince Amedeo Ferdinando Maria as King Amadeo I of Spain
• 1872-04-24 Volcano Mt Vesuvius erupts in Italy

• 1878-01-09 Umberto I becomes King of Italy.
• 1878-11-17 First assassination attempt against King Umberto I of Italy
• 1880-02-29 Gotthard railway tunnel between Switzerland & Italy completed

• 1882-05-20 Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy sign the Triple Alliance
• 1882-05-20 Gotthard rail tunnel between Switzerland & Italy opens
• 1883-05-15 Italy signs military treaty with Austria-Hungary & Germany
• 1883-07-28 Shocks triggered by the volcano Epomeo on the Isle of Ischia, Italy, destroy 1,200 houses in Casamicciola, killing 2,000 people
• 1884-05-16 Italian inventor Angelo Moriondo receives patent for 1st espresso machine

• 1887-01-26 Battle of Dogali: Abyssinian Emperor John IV defeats Italians
• 1887-02-05 Giuseppe Verdi's opera "Otello" premieres at La Scala in Italy, Verdi's first new opera for over 15 years
• 1887-02-23 French/Italian Riviera struck by Earthquake; 2,000 die
• 1887-12-10 Austria-Hungary, Italy and Great Britain sign Balkan military treaty
• 1888-05-04 Italy & Spain sign military covenant

• 1890-01-01 Eritrea is consolidated into a colony by the Italian government.
• 1890-11-23 General elections in Italy won by the Left group headed by Francesco Crispi
• 1894-01-13 Revolution in Sicily crushed by government troops
• 1894-04-22 The very first Venice Biennale opens in Venice, Italy, as a biennial exhibition of Italian art [1]
• 1894-06-24 Marie François Sadi Carnot is assassinated in Lyon by Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio
• 1894-10-30 Domenico Melegatti obtains a patent for a procedure to be applied in industrial production of pandoro (a traditional Italian sweet yeast bread).
• 1895-03-25 Italian troops invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia)
• 1895-09-26 Italian general Oreste Baratieri lands in Massawa, Eritrea
• 1895-10-11 Emperor Menelik II of Abyssinia rejects a treaty with Italy
• 1895-12-07 Battle at Amba Alagi: Abyssinians beat Italian armies
• 1895-12-08 Battle at Amba Alagi: Ethiopian Emperor Menelik II drives Italian General Baratieri out
• 1896-02-25 Italian government decides to attack governor Baratieri of Eritrea
• 1896-03-01 Battle of Adwa: 80,000 Ethiopians destroy 20,000 Italians in Ethopia, killing two generals and capturing General Matteo Albertone
• 1896-03-05 Italian governor of Eritrea, General Baldissera, reaches Massawa
• 1896-03-05 Italian premier Francesco Crispi resigns

• 1896-10-26 Abyssinia & Italy sign peace treaty

• 1898-05-08 The first games of the Italian Football League are played
• 1898-11-22 Construction begins on the Simplon tunnel through the Alps, linking Italy and Switzerland; it becomes the world's longest railroad tunnel
• 1900-06-18 General Luigi Pelloux resigns as premier of Italy
• 1900-07-29 In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci
• 1900-08-29 Gaetano Bresci, the assassin of King Umberto I of Italy, is tried and sentenced to life imprisonment; he will commit suicide in jail on 22 May 1901
• 1900-12-14 France and Italy sign a secret agreement by which Italy recognizes France's right to exploit Morocco in return for France's conceding her the same right in Tripoli
• 1901-11-26 Italy and Britain sign an agreement fixing the frontier between their colonies of Eritrea and Sudan in East Africa

• 1902-06-28 Germany, Italy, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire renew their Triple Alliance for six more years
• 1902-07-14 The Campanile in St Mark's Square, Venice collapses, also demolishing the loggetta (reconstructed 1912)
• 1902-11-01 France and Italy sign an Entente under which Italy agrees to remain neutral if France is attacked; this is France's attempt to neutralize the Triple Entente
• 1902-11-15 Leopold II, King of Belgium almost assassinated by Italian anarchist

• 1904-02-22 The Hague Tribunal gives its decision in claims against Venezuela; it sets the sum to be paid by Venezuela and gives preferential treatment to the three powers that initiated the block - Britain, Germany, and Italy

• 1904-09-21 The general strike called by the Socialist Party that spread throughout Italy ends

• 1905-03-12 The continuing strikes and disorders that unsettle Italy force out Premier Giovanni Giolitti, though he will return in March, 1906
• 1905-11-22 British, Italian, Russian, French and Austro-Hungarian fleet attacks Lesbos
• 1906-05-19 Italian King Victor Emmanuel & Swiss President Ludwig Forrer open Simplon Tunnel; the railroad tunnel trough the Alps is world's longest until 1982
• 1906-07-04 Great Britain, France, and Italy declare independence of Ethiopia (Abyssinia), but all lay claim to their own 'spheres of influence' in that land
• 1906-12-31 French, British and Italian treaty concerning rights on Abyssinia
• 1908-03-09 Italian football club Inter Milan founded as Foot-Ball Club Internazionale
• 1908-08-17 Bank of Italy (now Bank of America) opens new HQ, the Bank of Italy building at Clay & Montgomery, San Francisco
• 1908-12-28 Earthquake strikes Messina in Italy, killing nearly 80,000
• 1909-02-02 Italian writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti publishes "Manifest o of Futurism" in Paris, France
• 1909-03-02 Great Britain, France, Germany & Italy asks Serbia to set no territorial demands
• 1909-10-24 Italy and Russia sign the Racconigi Pact in which both nations promise to support the status quo in the Balkans
• 1910-10-02 1st 2 aircraft collision (Milan Italy)

• 1911-10-05 Italian troops occupy Tripoli
• 1911-10-23 1st aerial reconnaissance mission is flown by an Italian pilot over Turkish lines during the Italo-Turkish War
• 1911-11-01 The first aerial bomb is dropped by an Italian pilot on Turkish troops in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War
• 1911-11-05 Italian forces take Tripoli & Cyrenaica, declaring suzerainty over Ottoman-controlled Libya
• 1911-11-19 NY receives first Marconi wireless transmission from Italy
• 1912-03-05 Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, using them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.
• 1912-03-14 King Vittorio Emanuel III of Italy injured in an assassination attempt
• 1912-04-18 Tripolitan War: in continuing hostilities, Turkey closes the Dardanelles Straits after an Italian naval bombardment of the coastline
• 1912-05-04 Italian mariners occupy Turkish Island of Rhodes
• 1912-10-18 The Treaty of Lausanne ends the Italo-Turkish War; Italy annexes Libya
• 1912-10-19 Tripoli (Libya) passes from Turkish to Italian control
• 1912-12-05 The Triple Alliance among Italy, Austria, and Germany (originally signed in 1882) is renewed for six years, beginning in 1914, a move inspired by instability in the Balkans
• 1914-07-26 Britain attempts to organize a conference among major European powers to resolve dispute between Austria-Hungary and Serbia; France, Italy, and eventually Russia agree to participate. but Germany refuses

• 1914-11-24 Benito Mussolini leaves Italy's Socialist Party
• 1914-12-05 The Italian Parliament proclaims the neutrality of the country.
• 1915-01-13 Earthquake in Avezzano, Italy kills 29,800
• 1915-04-26 Italy secretly signs the "Treaty of London" with Britain, France and Russia, bringing Italy into World War I on the Allied side
• 1915-05-04 Italy drops Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary & Germany
• 1915-05-23 Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary during WW I
• 1915-06-23 Italians launch the first of what will become 11 battles to dislodge the Austrians from the Isonzo River, which keeps the Italians from Trieste
• 1915-07-17 Italian offensive at Isonzo
• 1915-07-18 WWI: Second Battle of Isonzo begins with Kingdom of Italy offensive against Austria-Hungary, ends 2-1/2 weeks later with over 91,000 combined casualties
• 1915-08-21 Italy declares war on Turkey in World War One
• 1915-10-18 3rd Italian offensive at Isonzo
• 1915-10-19 Russia and Italy declare war on Bulgaria
• 1915-11-08 An Austrian-Hungarian submarine torpedoes and sinks the Italian liner 'Ancona' without warning, killing over 200 people
• 1916-04-19 Italians troops conquer Col di Lana at Merano
• 1916-05-15 Asiago, Italy, falls when Austrian troops attack the Italian front
• 1916-08-02 World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto
• 1916-08-28 Italy declares war against Germany
• 1916-12-13 Avalanche kills 10,000 Austrian and Italian troops in 24 hrs in Tyrol
• 1917-01-08 Austria-Hungarian troops conquer Forlani Italy
• 1917-08-17 Italy declares war on Turkey
• 1917-10-24 Battle at Caporetto: German & Austria smash Italian army
• 1917-12-05 Austro-German Forces launch an offensive against the Italians on the western end of their line, around Asiago
• 1918-11-01 Yugoslav battleship Viribus Unitis sunk by Italians
• 1919-02-23 Fascist Party formed in Italy by Benito Mussolini
• 1919-03-23 Benito Mussolini forms Fascist group Fasci di Combattimento (Italian Fighting Bands) in Milan, Italy - later reorganized into National Fascist Party

• 1919-06-23 Nitti government forms in Italy
• 1919-09-02 Italy agrees to general voting rights and proportional representation
• 1919-09-12 The poet Gabriele D'Annunzio organizes a militant nationalist group and takes Fiume (Rijeka) for Italy
• 1920-05-05 Italian migrant anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti charged with murder of a paymaster at a US shoe factory in Massachusetts, both are later executed
• 1920-06-05 1st rivet driven on Bank of Italy headquarters at 1 Powell in San Francisco (later Bank of America)
• 1920-10-10 Italy annexes South Tirol (Alto Adige)
• 1920-11-12 The Dalmatian coast between Italy and Yugoslavia is ceded to Yugoslavia
• 1920-11-21 Mussolini's squad begins terror, 11 die in Bologna, Italy
• 1921-01-21 Italian Communist Party founded at Livorno by Amadeo Bordiga and Antonio Gramsci
• 1921-02-27 The Fascists incite a riot in Florence, Italy
• 1921-03-19 Italian Fascists shoot from the Parenzana train at a group of children in Strunjan (Slovenia): two children are killed, two mangled and three wounded
• 1921-04-24 Under Allies supervision, a plebiscite in the Tyrol favors merging with Germany; unhappy with the outcome, Allies give the area to Italy
• 1921-05-15 Italian General Election: National Bloc, including Mussolini's fascists 35 seats, win most seats but not a majority
• 1921-11-09 Partito Nazionalista Fascista formed in Italy by Benito Mussolini at Third Fascist Congress in Rome
• 1922-02-06 US, UK, France, Italy & Japan sign Washington naval arms limitation
• 1922-02-09 Italian government of Bonomi falls
• 1922-03-03 Italian fascists occupy Fiume & Rijeka
• 1922-04-16 Treaty of Rapallo between the German Republic and Soviet Union a is signed in Italy, normalizing diplomatic relations with each side renouncing their territorial and financial claims against the other
• 1922-05-24 Russian-Italian trade agreement signed
• 1922-07-31 General strike in Italy against fascist violence
• 1922-08-01 In Italy, the socialist 'Alianza del Lavoro' declare a national strike which collapses immediately and fascist forces destroy union and socialist headquarters
• 1922-10-04 Protocol for the Reconstruction of Austria, between the government of Austria and the governments of Great Britain, France, Italy and Czechoslovakia, for reconstructing the Austrian economy, signed in Geneva, Switzerland
• 1922-10-26 Italian government resigns under pressure from fascists led by Benito Mussolini
• 1922-10-27 In Italy, Liberal Prime Minister Luigi Facta resigns after King Victor Emmanuel refuses request to declare martial law in the face of threats from Mussolini that "either the Government will be given to us or we will seize it by marching on Rome"
• 1922-10-28 30, 000 Italian fascists conduct the 'March on Rome', leading to the assumption of power by Benito Mussolini
• 1922-10-29 Italian King Victor Emmanuell III appoints Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) as Prime Minister of Italy
• 1922-10-30 Benito Mussolini forms government in Italy
• 1922-10-31 Fascist leader Benito Mussolini (Il Duce) becomes Prime Minister of Italy
• 1922-11-24 Italian parliament gives Benito Mussolini dictatorial powers "for 1 year"
• 1923-02-01 Fascists Voluntary Militia forms in Italy under Benito Mussolini
• 1923-02-05 Mass arrests of socialists & communists in Italy
• 1923-02-26 Italian nationalist & fascists merge (blue-shirts & black-shirts)
• 1923-07-10 All non-fascist parties dissolved in Italy
• 1923-07-15 Italian parliament accepts new constitution
• 1923-08-31 Italian troops occupy Corfu
• 1923-08-31 Mussolini orders the Greek Government to apologize for the deaths of an Italian general and his staff on the Greco-Albanian border
• 1923-09-27 Italian troops leave occupied Corfu
• 1924-01-27 The Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes sign the Treaty of Rome, agreeing to the annexation of independent Free State of Fiume by Italy (now Rijeka, Croatia)
• 1924-02-07 Benito Mussolini's Italian government exchanges diplomats with USSR
• 1924-03-09 South Slavia aproves Italy's annexation of Fiume (Rijeka)
• 1924-04-06 Italy fascists receives 65% of vote of parliament
• 1924-05-30 Socialist Matteotti falls in Italian parliament by fascists
• 1924-09-17 Italy signs treaty of Rapallo
• 1924-10-31 World Savings Day announced in Milan, Italy, by the Members of the Association at the 1st International Savings Bank Congress (World Society of Savings Banks)
• 1924-12-31 Italian Fascist Mussolini orders the suppression of opposition newspapers
• 1925-01-03 Benito Mussolini dissolves the Italian parliament and proclaims himself dictator of Italy, taking the title "Il Duce" (the Leader)
• 1925-01-06 Mussolini forms a cabinet composed entirely of Fascists in Italy
• 1925-07-20 Italian-Serbian/Croatian/Slav treaty about Dalmatie
• 1925-09-26 Italian sub "Sebastiano Veniero" lost off Sicily with 54 dead
• 1925-10-19 Italian army takes Somalia
• 1925-11-05 Mussolini disbands Italian socialist parties
• 1925-11-07 Italians liberal-national party joins fascist

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• Agostino Depretis
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