Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza

Profession: Explorer of the Congo

Nationality:

Biography: Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza was an Italian-born French explorer who left a significant mark on the geography and politics of Central Africa in the late 19th century. Known for his pacifist approach in a time of brutal colonial conquest, de Brazza became a unique figure during the Scramble for Africa.

Born in Italy to a noble family, de Brazza chose French nationality and pursued a career in the French navy. His seafaring led him to Africa, where his explorations began. In 1879, he signed a treaty with Makoko, the leader of the Bateke people, which allowed France to establish a protectorate on the north bank of the Congo River, an area that would become French Congo and later the Republic of Congo.

Unlike many explorers of his time, de Brazza was known for using diplomacy and respect in his dealings with African leaders. He learned local languages, respected customs, and sought agreements through negotiation rather than force.

In 1905, de Brazza was sent on a mission to investigate accusations of abuse and slavery in the French Congo. Despite his damning report, the French government initially suppressed his findings. However, public outcry eventually led to some reforms in the colony.

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza's legacy is complex. While his work paved the way for French colonial expansion in Central Africa, his respectful approach towards local populations set him apart from many of his contemporaries. Today, his name lives on in Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of Congo, a lasting tribute to his impact on the region.

Born: January 26, 1852
Birthplace: Rome, Papal States
Star Sign: Aquarius

Died: September 14, 1905 (aged 53)