Rome History Timeline

Events 1 - 100 of 216

• 0753-04-21 BC Romulus and Remus found Rome (traditional date)
• 0752-03-01 BC Romulus, first king of Rome, celebrates the first Roman triumph after his victory over the Caeninenses, following the Rape of the Sabine Women
• 0509-09-13 BC The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September

• 0390-07-18 BC Roman-Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia - Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leads to subsequent sacking of Rome

• 0028-06-12 Roman General Gaius Carrinas' triumphant procession through Rome, awarded for fighting in Gaul

• 0064-07-18 Great Fire of Rome begins under the Emperor Nero
• 0064-07-19 Circus Maximus in Rome catches fire
• 0065-06-08 Jews revolt against Rome, capturing fortress of Antonia in Jerusalem
• 0068-06-08 Roman Senate accepts Emperor Galba
• 0069-01-15 Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor, only rules for three months before committing suicide
• 0069-12-20 General Vespasian's troops occupy Rome after defeating the Emperor Vitellius
• 0070-05-31 Rome captures 1st wall of the city of Jerusalem
• 0089-01-01 Governor Lucius Antonius Saturninus of Germany becomes emperor of Rome

• 0135-08-05 Betar last outpost of Bar Kochba falls to Rome

• 0219-09-29 Batavian soldiers consecrate altar on Hercules Magusanus Rome
• 0235-09-28 Pope Pontian becomes the first Pope to abdicate from the role, for St. Anterus

• 0326-11-18 Old St. Peter's Basilica consecrated in Rome (stood 4th - 16th century), later replaced by current Basilica
• 0350-06-03 Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators.
• 0350-06-30 Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the usurper Magnentius, in Rome

• 0385-02-11 Siricius, bishop of Tarragona, elected as Bishop of Rome; first to style himself Pope
• 0404-01-01 Last gladiator competition in Rome

• 0455-06-02 King Gaiseric and the Vandals sack Rome, looting continues for 14 days
• 0536-12-09 Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city, returning the old capital to its empire
• 0537-03-11 Goths lay siege to Rome
• 0538-03-12 Witiges, King of the Ostrogoths, ends his siege of Rome, retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city in the hands of victorious Byzantine General Belisarius
• 0546-12-17 Gothic War (535-554): The Ostrogoths of King Totila conquer Rome by bribing the Byzantine garrison.
• 0550-01-16 Gothic War (535-552): The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison
• 0609-05-13 Pope Boniface I turns the Pantheon in Rome into a Catholic church
• 0799-11-29 Pope Leo III, aided by Charles the Great, returns to Rome

• 0801-12-28 Louis the Vrome occupies Barcelona
• 0875-12-25 Charles the Bald crowned emperor of Rome
• 1054-03-12 Pope Leo IX escapes captivity & returns to Rome

• 1105-11-24 Rabbi Nathan ben Yehiel of Rome completes Talmudic dictionary
• 1111-02-12 King Henry V, King of Germany and Italy, arrives in Rome for his coronation as Holy Roman Emperor, but Pope Paschal II refuses to crown him until April owing to the Investiture Controversy
• 1123-03-18 First Council of the Lateran (9th ecumenical council) opens in Rome, agreements of the Concordat of Worms ratified
• 1133-06-04 Rome-Innocentius II crowns Lotharius III Roman-German emperor
• 1139-04-20 2nd Lateran Council (10th ecumenical council) opens in Rome
• 1165-11-23 Pope Alexander III returns from exile to Rome
• 1179-03-05 3rd Lateran Council (11th ecumenical council) opens in Rome
• 1215-11-11 4th Lateran Council (12th ecumenical council) opens in Rome
• 1267-07-26 Inquisition forms in Rome under Pope Clement IV
• 1295-06-23 Pope Boniface VIII enters Rome
• 1341-04-08 Petrarch crowned a poet on the Capitoline Hill in Rome
• 1347-05-20 Rienzo calls Rome for people's tribunal
• 1347-11-20 Cola di Rienzo, later Roman Tribunal, addresses a meeting of on the Capitol during people's revolt in Rome
• 1377-01-17 Pope Gregory XI moves the Papacy back to Rome from Avignon
• 1413-06-07 King Ladislaw of Naples occupies Rome
• 1452-03-19 Frederick III of Hapsburg crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Nicholas V at St. Peter's Basilica in Rome -last Holy Emperor crowned in Rome

• 1501-01-17 Cesare Borgia returns in triumph to Rome from Romagna

• 1532-03-18 English parliament bans payments by English church to Rome
• 1600-02-17 Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori in Rome, convicted of heresy by the Roman Inquisition [1]
• 1601-01-14 Church authorities in Rome burn Hebrew books
• 1601-01-17 France gains Bresse, Bugey, Valromey & Gex in treaty with Spain
• 1633-02-02 M Rossi's opera "Erminia sul Giordano" premieres in Rome

• 1651-06-12 The newly completed Fontana dei Quattro Fiumi (Fountain of the Four Rivers) by Gian Lorenzo Bernini is unveiled in Rome
• 1680-12-04 Hen in Rome lays a uniquely patterned egg, later believed to have predicted the arrival of the Kirch/Newton "Great Comet of 1680"
• 1732-09-02 Pope Clement XII renews anti-Jewish laws of Rome

• 1798-02-10 French army led by Louis Alexandre Berthier captures Rome
• 1798-03-07 The French army enters Rome: the birth of the Roman Republic

• 1817-01-25 Gioachino Rossini's opera "La Cenerentola" (Cinderella) premieres in Rome
• 1819-10-23 1st ship sails through the Erie Canal from Rome, New York to Utica, New York
• 1823-07-15 A fire destroys the ancient Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome
• 1849-02-09 Roman Republic declared in Rome replacing following flight of Pope Pius IX

• 1849-07-03 The French enter Rome in order to restore Pope Pius IX to power; proves a major obstacle to Italian unification

• 1860-01-29 American College established in Rome by Pope Pius IX
• 1864-11-11 Sherman's troops destroy Rome, Georgia
• 1867-10-27 Giuseppe Garibaldi marches on Rome for the second time
• 1869-12-08 20th Roman Catholic ecumenical council, Vatican I, opens in Rome
• 1870-09-20 Capture of Rome by Italian army, Pope Pius IX surrenders to King Victor Emmanuel which unifies Italy and ends 1,116 year reign of Papal States
• 1870-10-02 Italy annexes Rome & Papal States; Rome made Italian capital
• 1870-10-09 Rome is incorporated into Italy by royal decree
• 1890-05-17 Pietro Mascagni's opera "Rustic Chivalry" premieres in Rome at the Teatro Costanzi

• 1898-11-22 Pietro Mascagni's opera "Iris" premieres at the Teatro Costanzi in Rome, Italy
• 1898-11-24 The International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists opens.

• 1900-08-27 Gabriel Fauré's grand cantata "Prométhée" premieres at Arènes de Béziers, France; performance involved almost 800 singers and musicians (including two wind bands and 15 harps) and an audience of 10,000

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Birthdays 1 - 100 of 185

• 0236-06-20 BC Scipio Africanus, Roman statesman and general of the Second Punic War, born in Rome, Italia, Roman Republic (d. 183 BC)

• 0015-09-24 Aulus Vitellius, Roman Emperor for a few months in 69AD, born in Rome (d. 69)

• 0064-09-08 Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus and lover of Domitian, born in Rome (d. 91)

• 0189-03-07 Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor, born in Rome (d. 211)
• 0347-01-11 Theodosius I, "the Great", Spanish-born Emperor of Rome who was the last to rule both the East and West empires, born in Hispania (d. 395)
• 1328-05-07 Louis VI the Roman, Duke of Bavaria and Elector of Brandenburg, born in Rome (d. 1365)
• 1475-09-13 Cesare Borgia, Duke of Valentinois, Italian aristocrat, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1507)
• 1541-04-08 Michele Mercati, Italian physician and gardener, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1593)
• 1545-08-27 Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Italian diplomat, born in Rome (d. 1592)
• 1550-09-17 Pope Paul V [Camillo Borghese], 233rd pope (1605-21) and persecutor of Galileo, born in Rome (d. 1621)
• 1561-08-20 Jacopo Peri, Italian composer and singer who wrote the 1st recognized opera "Dafne", born in Rome (d. 1633)
• 1574-03-07 John Wilbye, English madrigal composer, born in Brome, Suffolk, England (d. 1638)

• 1577-02-06 Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman executed for fratricide, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1599)
• 1585-03-13 Federico Cesi, Italian naturalist and founder of the first modern scientific society, the Accademia dei Lincei, 1603, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1630)
• 1586-04-11 Pietro Della Valle, Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1652)
• 1587-01-06 Gaspar de Guzman, Count of Olivares, Premier of Spain (1621-43), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1645)
• 1590-07-13 Clement X [Emilio Altieri], Italian Pope (1670-76), born in Rome (d. 1676)
• 1593-07-08 Artemisia Gentileschi, Italian baroque painter, the most famous European female painter of the 17th century, born in Rome (d. 1653) [1]
• 1605-04-18 Giacomo Carissimi, Italian organist, choral director, composer (Jephta), and priest, baptized in Marino, Papal States (d. 1674)
• 1605-04-19 Orazio Benevoli, Franco-Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1672)
• 1607-11-28 Francesco Sforza Pallavicino, Italian theologist and historian (Istoria del Concilio di Trento), born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1667)
• 1611-05-04 Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect and composer, born in Rome (d. 1691)
• 1611-10-11 Hugues de Lionne, Marquess de Berry, French ambassador to Rome, born in Grenoble, France (d. 1671)
• 1614-04-25 Marc'Antonio Pasqualini, Italian composer, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1691)
• 1640-11-04 Carlo Mannelli, Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1697)
• 1645-09-10 Romeyn de Hooghe, Dutch painter and goldsmith, born in Amsterdam, Netherlands (d. 1708)
• 1678-07-06 Nicola Francesco Haym, Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1729)
• 1679-01-05 Pietro Filippo Scarlotti, Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1750)
• 1697-11-09 Claudio Casciolini, Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1760)

• 1744-10-04 Domenico Corri, Italian composer, born in Rome (d. 1825)
• 1752-01-23 Muzio Clementi, Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1832)
• 1757-06-08 Ercole Consalvi, Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1824)
• 1762-04-14 Giuseppe Valadier, Italian architect and archaeologist, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1839)
• 1764-09-11 Valentino Fioravanti, Italian composer, born in Rome. papal States (now Italy) (d. 1837)
• 1768-12-22 John Crome (Old Crome), English landscape artist, born in Norwich, England (d. 1821)
• 1778-01-05 Fortunato Santini, Italian priest and composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1861)
• 1784-08-14 Francesco Capaccini, Italian cardinal and diplomat, born in Rome (d. 1845)
• 1786-12-20 Pietro Raimondi, Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1853)
• 1791-05-29 Pietro Romani, Italian conductor and composer, born in Rome, Roman Republic (d. 1877)
• 1795-04-21 Vincenzo Pallotti, Italian saint (founder of the Society of the Catholic Apostolate), born in Rome (d. 1850)
• 1795-06-13 Thomas Arnold, English educator and historian (History of Rome), born in West Cowes, Isle of Wight, England (d. 1842)
• 1799-04-05 Vincenzo Fioravanti, Italian composer, born in Rome (d. 1877)
• 1803-09-19 Maria Anna of Savoy, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, born in Palazzo Colonna, Rome, Papal States (d. 1884)
• 1805-07-26 Constantino Brumidi, Greek-Italian-American historical artist (Myrtle Murdock), born in Rome (d. 1880)
• 1811-03-20 Napoleon II, son of Napoleon Bonaparte, Prince Imperial and King of Rome (never ruled France), born in Tuileries Palace, Paris, France (d. 1832)
• 1815-10-11 Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, Corsican representative of the people, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1881)
• 1824-07-30 Eugenio Terziani, Italian composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1889)
• 1825-12-20 Romeyn Beck Ayres, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in Manheim, New York (d. 1888)
• 1829-02-15 Silas Weir Mitchell, American physician (discovered causalgia, erythromelalgia) and author (Roland Blake, Hugh Wynne), born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1914)
• 1841-05-28 Giovanni Sgambati, Italian pianist and composer, born in Rome, Papal States (d. 1914)
• 1841-07-24 Raimundo Madrazo y Garreta, Spanish Realistic painter, born in Rome (d. 1920)
• 1844-07-31 Ignazio Guidi, Italian orientalist and archaeologist, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1935)

• 1866-10-07 Martha McChesney Berry, American educator who founded Berry School for Children, born near Rome, Georgia (d. 1942)
• 1871-05-05 Alberto Cametti, Italian composer, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1935)
• 1874-05-01 Romaine Brooks [Beatrice Romaine Goddard], American painter, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1970)
• 1875-11-06 Pompeo Aloisi, Italian baron, diplomat and senator, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1949)
• 1878-09-17 Vincenzo Tommasini, Italian composer (Le donne de buon umore), born in Rome, Kingdom of Italy (d. 1950)
• 1880-09-07 Attilio Brugnoli, Italian pianist and composer, born in Rome (d. 1937)
• 1884-07-18 Alberto di Jorio, Italian Cardinal and former head of the Vatican Bank, born in Rome (d. 1979)
• 1885-01-30 John Henry Towers, American naval aviator, born in Rome, Georgia (d. 1955)
• 1885-06-28 Giuseppe Mulè, Italian composer, born in Rome, Kingdom of Italy (d. 1951)
• 1885-09-14 Vittorio Gui, Italian conductor and composer (Batture d'aspetto), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1975)
• 1888-04-11 Donald Calthrop, British actor (Blackmail, Scrooge, Rome Express), born in London, England (d. 1940)

• 1892-05-18 Ezio Pinza, Italian American operatic bass (NY Metropolitan Opera, 1926-48), and Tony Award-winning singer (South Pacific), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1957)
• 1893-08-21 (Marie-Juliette) "Lili" Boulanger, French composer (first female winner of the Prix de Rome composition prize), born in Paris (d. 1918)
• 1896-09-06 Mario Praz, Italian literary critic and scholar (La carne, la morte, e il diavolo), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1982)
• 1896-09-25 Sandro Pertini, 7th President of Italy (1978-85), born in Rome (d. 1990)
• 1896-11-22 Mario Labroca, Italian composer, born in Rome (d. 1973)
• 1899-12-15 Frank Vosper, British actor (The Man Who Knew Too Much, Rome Express), born in London, England (d. 1937)
• 1900-04-14 Salvatore Baccaloni, Italian opera singer and actor (Merry Andrew; Rock-a-Bye Baby), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1969)

• 1905-05-09 Lilí Álvarez, Spanish tennis player (Wimbledon 1926-28 runner-up), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1998)

• 1906-11-24 Andreina Pagnani, Italian actress (Il Commandante), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1981)
• 1907-02-16 Fernando Previtali, Italian composer and conductor (Rome Radio Symphony), born in Adria, Veneto. Italy (d. 1985)
• 1907-04-19 Gino Contilli, Italian composer, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1978)
• 1907-06-12 Giorgio Nataletti, Italian composer, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1972)
• 1907-08-31 Altiero Spinelli, Italian citizen and advocate of European federalism, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1986)
• 1907-10-26 Giovanni Salviucci, Italian composer, born in Rome (d. 1937)
• 1907-10-30 Renzo Cesana, Italian-American TV host (First Date, Continental), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1970)
• 1907-11-13 Giovanna of Savoy, Italian princess, and Tsaritsa of Bulgaria (1930-43), born in Rome, Kingdom of Italy (d. 2000)
• 1907-11-28 Alberto Moravia [Pincherle], Italian author (the Indifferent Ones), born in Rome, Italy (d. 1990)
• 1908-02-02 Renzo Rossellini, Italian composer, born in Rome, Italy (d. 1982)

• 1908-05-27 Harold Rome, American composer (Fanny; Pins & Needles), born in Hartford, Connecticut (d. 1993)

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• Agostino Depretis
• Albert Anastasia
• Alberto Ascari
• Aldo Moro
• Alessandro Volta
• Alexander VII