- Jan 4 Henric Laurenszoon Spieghel, Dutch Renaissance writer and poet (Hertspiegel), dies at 62
- Jan 20 Rudolf II von Habsburg, Emperor of Germany (1576-1612), dies at 59
- Jan 27 Maarten van Valckenborch, Flemish painter, buried at about 77
- Jan 28 Thomas Bodley, English diplomat and scholar (founder of the Bodleian Library), dies at 66
- Feb 6 Christopher Clavius, German Jesuit calendar reformer, dies (birth date unknown)
- Feb 17 Ernest of Bavaria, Prince-elector-archbishop of the Archbishopric of Cologne, dies at 57
- Feb 17 Jodocus Hondius, Flemish cartographer and engraver (publicized Drake's voyage, restored Mercator's reputation), dies at 48
- Mar 14 Philip Galle, Flemish engraver, dies at about 74
- Apr 11 Edward Wightman, English Baptist preacher, burnt at the stake in Lichfield for heresy (b. 1566)
- Apr 13 Sasaki Kojirō, Japanese samurai, dies at 27
- Apr 18 Emanuel Van Meteren, Flemish merchant and historian, dies at 76
- May 24 Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury and English Prime Minister (1598-1612), dies at 48
- Jun 8 Hans Leo Hassler, German composer, dies at 49
- Jun 13 Charles III de Croÿ, Prince of Chimay and Duke of Aarschot, dies at 51
- Jul 24 Ottavio Mirto Frangipani, Italian bishop, dies at 68
- Jul 29 Jacques Bongars, French scholar and diplomat (b. 1554)
- Aug 4 Hugh Broughton, English scholar (b. 1549)
- Aug 12 Giovanni Gabrieli, Italian composer (Madrigali), dies at about 60
- Sep 9 Nakagawa Hidenari, Japanese warlord (b. 1570)
- Sep 12 Tsar Vasili IV of Russia (1606-10), dies deposed as a prisoner (b. 1552)
- Sep 27 Piotr Skarga, Polish theology/PM (Sanctity of Life), dies at 76
- Sep 30 Ercole Bottrigari, Italian composer, dies at 81
- Oct 7 Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian writer (Faithfull Shepherd), dies at 73
- Oct 7 Menso Alting, Dutch reformed vicar and theologist, dies at 70
- Nov 20 John Harington, English Elizabethan courtier, writer (Orlando Furios) and inventor of the flush toilet, dies at about 52
Assassination
Drug Overdose
Gunshot Wound
Murder
Plane Crash
Suicide