- Jan 3 Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer who was 1st to demonstrate the Moon moves around the Earth in an elliptical orbit and predicted the 1639 transit of Venus, dies of unknown causes at 22
- Jan 11 Franciscus Gomarus [François Gomaer], Dutch theologian, Calvinist minister, and academic, dies at 77
- Jan 11 Juan de Jáuregui, Spanish poet, scholar and painter of the Spanish Golden Age, dies at 57
- Mar 8 Xu Xiake, Chinese adventurer (b. 1587)
- Apr 13 Richard Montagu, English clergyman, dies at 64
- Apr 15 Domenichino, Italian painter, dies at 59
- May 10 Johan Banér, Swedish Field Marshal, led Swedish armies during Thirty Years' War, dies at 44
- May 12 Thomas Wentworth, 1st earl of Strafford and Viceroy of Ireland, beheaded at 48
- Jun 27 Michiel Janszoon van Mierevelt, Dutch royal painter, dies at 74
- Jul 28 John Amner, English composer, dies at 61
- Oct 6 Matthijs H Quast, fleet guardian (Gold Islands), dies in battle
- Oct 31 Cornelis Jol, Dutch admiral and privateer, dies at about 41
Infante Ferdinand (1609-1641)
Nov 9 Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church and military commander during the Thirty Years' War, dies at 32
Assassination
Car Crash
Hanging
Killed in Action
Plane Crash
Poisoning