- Jan 1 Raphael G. Kiesewetter, Austria musicologist (Arab Music), dies at 76
- Jan 14 Anthony van Hoboken, Dutch merchant and ship owner, dies at 93
- Jan 20 Adam Oehlenschläger, Danish poet (b. 1779)
- Jan 22 Vincenzo Pallotti, Italian saint (founder of the Society of the Catholic Apostolate), dies at 54
- Jan 26 Francis Jeffrey, Baron Jeffrey, Scottish judge and literary critic, dies (b. 1773)
- Jan 27 Johann Gottfried Schadow, German sculptor (Brandenburg Gate chariot), dies at 85
- Jan 27 Philipp Roth, German composer, dies at 70
- Feb 1 Edward Baker Lincoln, son of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, dies at 3
- Feb 25 Daoguang, 7th Emperor of Qing Dynasty, dies at 67
- Mar 3 Oliver Cowdery, American religious leader (Later Day Saint apostle), dies at 43
- Mar 19 Adalbert Gyrowetz [Vojtěch Jírovec], Bohemian composer (Robert oder die Prüfung), dies at 87 [1]
- Mar 21 Miguel Pedrorena, American settler
- Mar 26 Samuel Turell Armstrong, American politician and acting Governor of Massachusetts (1833- 36), dies at 65
- Mar 27 Wilhelm Beer, German banker and amateur astronomer (1st full map of the Moon), dies at 53
- Mar 28 Gerard C. Brandon, American politician (b. 1788)
John C. Calhoun (1782-1850)
Mar 31 US Vice President (1825-32), dies of tuberculosis at 68
Madame Tussaud (1761-1850)
Apr 16 French founder of Madame Tussaud's wax museum, dies at 88
- Apr 24 Louis Alexandre Piccinni, Italian-French composer, dies at 70
- May 9 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French physicist and chemist, dies at 71
- May 24 Jane Porter, novelist (Scottish Chiefs), dies at 74
- Jun 4 Maurice, Prince of the Netherlands, second son of King William III, dies from meningitis at 6
- Jun 12 Jean Victor de Constant Rebecque, Swiss-Dutch army leader, dies at 77
- Jun 16 William Lawson British-Australian surveyor who explored New South Wales (first route across Blue Mountains), dies at 76
- Jun 18 Antoni Weinert, Polish flutist and composer, dies at 99
Robert Peel (1788-1850)
Jul 2 British Prime Minister (Tory/Conservative/Peelite: 1834-35; 1841-46), founder of the British Conservative Party and the modern police force (Bobbies), dies after falling from a horse at 62
- Jul 4 William Kirby, English entomologist and original member of the Linnean Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society, dies at 90
- Jul 8 Prince Adolphus, British fieldmarshall1st Duke of Cambridge, 7th son of George III (b. 1774)
- Jul 9 Bab [Shirazi, Sayyid Ali Muhammad], Persian founder of Babism, executed by firing squad on orders of the Persian government at 30
Zachary Taylor (1784-1850)
Jul 9 12th US President (1849-50) and major general in the Mexican–American War, dies in the White House of an unknown digestive ailment at 65 after reportedly consuming copious amounts of raw fruit and iced milk
Margaret Fuller (1810-1850)
Jul 19 American feminist writer (Woman in the Nineteenth Century) and journalist (NY Tribune), drowns at 40 after being shipwrecked off Fire Island, NY
José de San Martín (1778-1850)
Aug 17 South American revolutionary hero and general, dies at 72
- Aug 18 Honoré de Balzac, French novelist (La Comédie Humaine), dies at 51
- Aug 22 Nikolaus Lenau, Hungarian-German poet (Faust, Die Albigenser), dies at 48
- Aug 26 Louis-Philippe, Duke of Chartres, the last King of France (1830-48), dies in exile in England at 76
- Sep 23 José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary leader and national hero who is regarded as the father of Uruguayan independence, dies at 86
- Oct 2 Sarah Biffin [Beffin], English limbless miniature painter, dies at 65 or 66
- Oct 11 Louise of Orléans, Queen of Belgium (1832-50), Wife of Leopold I, dies of TB at 38
- Nov 4 Gustav Schwab, German writer, dies at 58
- Nov 5 Ferdinand Karl Joseph, Archduke of Austria-Este, dies at 69
- Nov 19 Richard Mentor Johnson, American politician (b. 1780)
- Dec 8 Georg Sverdrup, Norwegian statesman, dies at 80
- Dec 10 François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist, dies at 63
Assassination
Drug Overdose
Gunshot Wound
Murder
Plane Crash
Suicide