Massacre of Novgorod
Jan 2 Tsar Ivan the Terrible's march to Novgorod begins
- Jan 4 Spanish viceroy Alva banishes Zutphen City's only physician, Joost Sweiter, "because he is a Jew"
- Jan 9 Tsar Ivan the Terrible kills 1,000-2,000 residents of Novgorod
- Jan 23 Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland, assassinated; civil war breaks out
Gregory I
Gregory XIII
Julius II
Julius III
Leo X
Pius V