- Jan 8 Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist, born in Zwönitz, Germany (d. 1694)
- Jan 29 Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (d. 1703)
- Feb 18 Giovanni Battista Vitali, Italian composer, born in Bologna, Papal States (d. 1692)
- Feb 20 Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (Lord President of the Council, 1689-99; Lord High Treasurer, 1673-79), helped bring William and Mary to the throne) (d. 1712)
- Apr 2 Georg Caspar Weckler, German organist and composer, baptized in Free Imperial City of Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1695)
- Apr 6 Maria Leopoldine of Austria, Holy Roman Empire Empress (d. 1649)
- May 8 Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin, born in Mierzęcin, Poland (d. 1706)
- Jun 10 Esprit Fléchier, French writer and Bishop of Nîmes, born in Pernes-les-Fontaines, France (d. 1710)
- Jul 6 Albert Schop, German composer, born in Hamburg, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1667)
- Jul 6 Pietro Reggio, Italian composer, singer, and lutenist, born in Genoa, Republic of Genoa (d. 1685)
- Aug 2 Kaspar von Stieler, German poet (Teutsche Wolredner), born in Erfurt, Germany (d. 1707)
- Aug 20 Louis Bourdaloue, French Jesuit preacher, born in Bourges, France (d. 1704)
John Locke (1632-1704)
Aug 29 English empiricist philosopher; influential Enlightenment thinker and "Father of Liberalism" (Two Treatises of Government), born in Wrington, England
Christopher Wren (1632-1723)
Oct 20 English astronomer and architect (St. Paul's Cathedral), born in East Knoyle, Wiltshire
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Oct 24 Dutch microbiologist, microscopist who was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa and naturalist (Philosophical Transactions), born in Delft, Dutch Republic
Jan Vermeer (1632-1675)
Oct 31 Dutch painter (Girl with a Pearl Earring, The Astronomer), born in Delft, Netherlands
- Nov 23 Jean Mabillon, French palaeographer and diplomat (d. 1707)
- Nov 24 Baruch Spinoza, Dutch rationalist philosopher, born in Amsterdam, Dutch Republic (d. 1677)
- Nov 28 Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer (Miserere Suites de Symphonies et Trios), born in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (d. 1687)
- Dec 17 Anthony Wood, English antiquarian, born in Oxford, England (d. 1695)
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