- Jan 1 Franz Freiherr von der Trenck, Austrian soldier (d. 1749)
- Jan 12 Gaetano Latilla, Italian opera composer, born in Bari, Kingdom of Naples (d. 1788)
- Jan 29 Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer, born in Vienna (d. 1788)
- Feb 2 Wenzel Anton von Kaunitz, Austrian diplomat (d. 1794)
- Feb 5 Joseph Umstatt, Austrian composer, born in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1762)
- Feb 27 Constantine Mavrocordatos, Prince of Wallachia and Prince of Moldavia (d. 1769)
- Mar 1 Peregrinus Pogl, German composer, born in Sandau (d. 1788)
- Apr 2 Jan Punt, Dutch engraver, painter, illustrator and actor (Gideonschool), born in Amsterdam (d. 1779)
- Apr 22 Eleazar Wheelock, American founder of Dartmouth College, born in Windham, Connecticut (d. 1779)
Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont (1711-1780)
Apr 26 French writer (Beauty and the Beast), born in Rouen, France
David Hume (1711-1776)
May 7 Scottish philosopher and historian (A Treatise of Human Nature), born in Edinburgh, Scotland [OS 26 April]
- May 18 Roger Boscovich [Ruđer Bošković], Croatian-Italian astronomer. physicist, poet, and priest, born in Ragusa (Dubrovnik), Republic of Ragusa (now Croatia) (d. 1787)
- Jul 10 Princess Amelia Sophia of Great Britain, second daughter of King George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach, born in Herrenhausen Palace, Hanover (d. 1786)
- Jul 18 Pierre-Joseph Le Blan, Flemish carillonneur and composer, born in Soignies, Belgium (d. 1765)
- Jul 22 Georg Wilhelm Richmann, Russian physicist (d. 1753)
- Aug 5 Johan Lulofs, Dutch physicist, philosopher and astronomer, born in Zutphen, Netherlands (d. 1758)
- Aug 19 Edward Boscawen, British admiral in the Royal Navy, born in Tregothnan, Cornwall (d. 1761)
- Sep 1 William IV, Dutch Prince of Orange (1711-51) 1st hereditary stadtholder, born in Leeuwarden, Dutch Republic (d. 1751)
- Sep 6 Henry Muhlenberg, German-born founder of the U.S. Lutheran Church, born in Einbeck, Germany (d. 1787)
- Sep 9 Thomas Hutchinson, Loyalist politician of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, born in Boston, Massachusetts Bay British America (d. 1780)
- Sep 11 William Boyce, English organist/composer (Cathedral Music), baptized in London, England (d. 1779)
- Sep 17 Ignaz Jakob Holzbauer, Austrian composer, born in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1783)
- Sep 25 Qianlong Emperor of China, 6th Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (1735-96), born in Beijing, China (d. 1799)
- Sep 26 Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, English politician, born in London (d. 1779)
- Oct 15 Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine, Queen consort of Sardinia (1737-41), born in Château de Lunéville, Lorraine (d. 1741)
- Oct 17 Jupiter Hammon, American slave and poet, 1st African American to publish poetry, born in Lloyd Harbor, New York (d. ca. 1806)
- Oct 20 Timothy Ruggles, American-born Tory politician (d. 1795)
- Oct 31 Laura Bassi, Italian physicist and scholar, born in Bologna, Italy (d. 1778)
- Nov 19 Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian scholar and poet, born in Mishaninskaya, Archangelgorod Governorate, Tsardom of Russia (d. 1765)
- Dec 4 Barbara of Portugal [Maria Madalena Bárbara Xavier Leonor Teresa Antónia Josefa], Queen of Spain, born in Ribeira Palace, Lisbon, Portugal (d. 1758)
- Dec 25 Jean-Joseph Cassenea de Mondonville, French composer and violinist, born in Narbonne, France (d. 1772)
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
80-89
Over 90