- Jan 5 Kaspar Ett, German organist and composer, born in Eresing, Electorate of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1847)
- Jan 8 Archduke Rudolph of Austria, Austrian clergyman and noble, born in Florence, Grand Duchy of Tuscany (now Italy) (d. 1831)
- Jan 8 Erik Drake, Swedish composer (Royal Swedish Academy of Music), born on Föllingsö, Östergötland (d. 1870)
- Feb 5 Karoly Kisfaludy, Hungarian pioneering dramatist (A Tat rok Magyarorsz gon), born in Tét, Hungary (d. 1830)
Robert Peel (1788-1850)
Feb 5 British Prime Minister (Tory/Conservative/Peelite: 1834-35; 1841-46), founder of the British Conservative Party and the modern police force (Bobbies), born in Bury, Lancashire, England
- Feb 10 Johann Peter Pixis, German pianist and composer, born in Mannheim, Electorate of the Palatinate, Holy Roman Empire (d. 1874)
- Feb 16 Juan van Halen, Dutch-Spanish officer and adventurer (fought for Russia and in the Belgium Revolution), born in Isla de León, Cádiz (d. 1864)
- Feb 22 Arthur Schopenhauer, German philosopher ("The World as Will and Representation") known for his philosophical pessimism, born in Danzig (Gdańsk), Poland (d. 1860)
- Feb 25 Mateo Ferrer, Spanish composer and organist, born in Barcelona, Spain (d. 1864)
- Mar 1 Gheorghe Asachi, Moldovian-Romanian author, poet, polyglot and humanist (1st newspaper in Moldavia), born in Hertsa, Principality of Moldavia (d. 1869)
- Mar 7 Antoine César Becquerel, French physicist who pioneered the study of electric and luminescent phenomena, born in Châtillon-Coligny, France (d. 1878)
- Mar 10 Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff, German Romantic poet (Das Marmorbild), born at Schloß Lubowitz, Prussia (d. 1857)
- Mar 12 Pierre-Jean David d'Angers], French sculptor (Panthéon in Paris), born in Angers, France (d. 1856)
- Apr 2 Francisco Balagtas, Filipino poet (Florante at Laura), born in Barrio Panginay, Balagtas, Bulacan (d. 1862)
- Apr 5 Franz Pforr, German painter and cartoonist (Lukasbund), born in Frankfurt, Germany (d. 1812)
- Apr 12 Johan Erik Nordblom, Swedish composer, born in Uppsala, Sweden (d. 1848)
- Apr 14 David G. Burnet, interim president of the Republic of Texas, born in Newark, New Jersey (d. 1870)
- Apr 17 Joseph Gilbert Totten, American Brevet Major General (Union Army), born in New Haven, Connecticut (d. 1864)
- May 10 Augustin-Jean Fresnel, French physicist and optics pioneer (proved wave theory of light correct, invented catadioptric Fresnel lens), born in Broglie, France (d. 1827)
- May 16 Friedrich Rückert, German Poet, Translator and Orientalist (d. 1866)
- May 18 Hugh Clapperton, Scottish explorer of Africa, born in Annan, Scotland (d. 1827)
- May 21 Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, German queen consort of Württemberg (1816-19), born in Catherine Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire (d. 1819) [O.S. May 10]
- Jun 21 Princess Augusta of Bavaria, born in Strasbourg (d. 1851)
- Jun 24 Thomas Blanchard, American machinist and inventor, born in Sutton, Massachusetts (d. 1864)
- Jul 1 Jean-Victor Poncelet, French mathematician and engineer who was one of the founders of modern projective geometry, born in Metz, France (d. 1867)
- Aug 2 Leopold Gmelin, German chemist (Gmelin's test), born in Göttingen, Germany (d. 1853)
- Aug 15 Carel Sirardus Willem van Hogendorp, Dutch colonial director, born in Cossimbazar, British East India (d. 1856)
- Aug 20 José Bernardo Alcedo, Peruvian composer, born in Lima, Peru (d. 1878)
- Aug 22 Thomas Tredgold, British civil engineer (railway design), carpenter, and writer (Elementary Principles of Carpentry), born in Brandon, Durham, England (d. 1829)
- Aug 25 Cornelis J van Assen, Dutch jurist (Language of the Constitution), born in Harlingen, Friesland (d. 1859)
- Aug 26 Aloys Schmitt, German pianist, composer and music theorist (Preparatory Exercises, Op. 16), born in Erlenbach am Main, Bavaria, Germany (d. 1866)
- Sep 5 George Macfarren, British playwright, born in London, England (d. 1843)
- Sep 6 Friedrich Wilhelm von Schadow, German painter (Modern Vasari), born in Berlin (d. 1862)
- Sep 10 Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, French archaeologist (discovered flint tools in the gravels of the Somme valley), born in Rethel, Ardennes, France (d. 1868)
- Sep 12 Alexander Campbell, Irish-American clergyman and Founder of Disciples of Christ, born in Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland (d. 1866)
- Sep 21 Margaret Taylor (née Smith), wife of Zachary Taylor and 1st lady of the United States (1849-50), born in Calvert County, Maryland (d. 1852)
- Sep 22 Theodore Hook, English author, famous practical joker and recipient of the world's 1st postcard, born in London (d. 1841)
- Sep 30 FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, British Army officer (commander of the British forces during the Crimean War), born in Badminton, England (d. 1855)
- Oct 11 Simon Sechter, Austrian composer and music theorist, born in Frymburk, Bohemia (d. 1867)
- Oct 20 Philip Knapton, English composer and organist (Caller Herrin), born in York, England (d. 1833)
- Oct 24 Sarah Josepha Hale, American writer (Mary Had a Little Lamb), editor, activist, and founder of the Seaman's Aid Society of Boston, born in Newport, New Hampshire (d. 1879)
- Nov 11 Mikhail Vielgorsky, Russian composer, born in St. Petersburg, Russia (d. 1856)
- Dec 18 Camille Pleyel, Austrian pianist, piano manufacturer, and music publisher, born in Strasbourg, France (d. 1855)
- Dec 29 Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, Danish antiquarian (named the stone/iron/bronze ages), born in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 1865)
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