- Mar 1 Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis, conquers Damascus
Coronation of Kublai Khan
May 5 Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire
- May 21 Hao Jing, envoy of Mongol leader Kublai Khan imprisoned by order of the high Chancellor of China, Jia Sidao at the Song Dynasty court of Emperor Lizong while attempting to negotiate with the Song
- Sep 3 Battle of Ain Jalut: Bahr: Mamluk of Egypt defeat Mongol army led by Kitbuqa in the Levant - often labelled a turning point in world history, saving the Arabic-Islamic civilization from destruction
- Sep 4 Battle at Montaperti, Tuscany, between rival factions the Guelphs and Ghibellines
- Oct 24 Qutuz, Mamluk Sultans of Egypt (1259-60), is assassinated by Baibars, a fellow Mamluk leader, who seizes power for himself
- Oct 24 The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; now a UNESCO World Heritage Site
Gregory I
Gregory XIII
Julius II
Julius III
Leo X
Pius V