- Jul 25 Constantinople recaptured by Nicaean forces under Alexios Strategopoulos for Emperor Michael VIII, re-establishing Byzantine Empire
- Aug 29 Jacques Pantaleon elected as Pope Urban IV
- Dec 25 John IV Lascaris of the restored Eastern Roman Empire is deposed and blinded by orders of his co-ruler Michael VIII Palaeologus.
Gregory I
Gregory XIII
Julius II
Julius III
Leo X
Pius V