William I Flees Antwerp
Apr 11 Dutch Prince William I of Orange flees from Antwerp to Breda
- Jun 15 Battle at Carberry, Scotland: Protestant troops beat Earl Bothwell's army
- Jun 15 Republic of Genoa expels Jews from its whole territory
Mary, Queen of Scots Imprisoned
Jun 16 Mary, Queen of Scots, imprisoned in Lochleven Castle, Scotland
- Jun 20 Jews are expelled from Brazil by order of regent Don Henrique
- Jul 24 Mary Queen of Scots is forced to abdicate; her 1-year-old son becomes King James VI of Scots
- Jul 25 Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela
- Aug 8 Duke of Alva's army enters Brussels, Belgium
- Sep 9 Dutch leaders Lomaraal, Count of Egmont and Philip van Hoorne arrested by Spanish Duke of Alba - their execution in 1568 leads to the Eighty Years' War
- Sep 29 At a dinner, the Duke of Alba arrests the Count of Egmont and the Count of Hoorn for treason
Second War of Religion
Sep 29 War of Religion breaks out in France - Huguenots try to kidnap King Charles IX
- Oct 6 Duke of Alva becomes land guardian of Netherlands
- Nov 10 Battle at St-Denis: French government army vs Huguenots
- Nov 19 Spanish Mendaña Expedition departs Callao, Peru, led by Alvaro de Mendaña de Neira and his uncle Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa to explore the Pacific (1st Europeans to discover Solomon Islands) [1]
Gregory I
Gregory XIII
Julius II
Julius III
Leo X
Pius V