- Jan 25 Duchy of Savoy orders expulsion or conversion of non-Catholic householders in Waldensian communities in Piedmont
Huygens Discovers Titan
Mar 25 Astronomer Christiaan Huygens discovers Saturn's largest moon, Titan
- Apr 4 Battle at Postage Farina, Tunis: English fleet defeats Barbary pirates
- Apr 4 The miraculous statue entitled the Infant of Prague is solemnly crowned by command of Cardinal Harrach
Alexander VII
Apr 7 Fabio Chigi replaces Pope Innocent X as Pope Alexander VII
- Apr 19 Adriana Nooseman becomes Dutch 1st actress to perform on stage professionally in the Netherlands in the play "Onvergelijkelijke Ariana" at Amsterdam Schouwburg
- Apr 24 Piedmontese Easter Massacre: Troops of Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy, slaughter upwards of 4,000 Waldensian civilians for non-compliance with the Edict of 25 January 1655, which called for the expulsion or conversion of non-Catholic householders in Piedmont, Duchy of Savoy
- Apr 26 Dutch West Indies Company denies Peter Stuyvesant's desire to exclude Jews from New Amsterdam colony
- Apr 28 English General-at-Sea Robert Blake (he was never titled Admiral) beats North African pirate fleet
- May 10 Jamaica captured by the English
- Jul 27 Jews of New Amsterdam petition for a Jewish cemetery
- Jul 27 Netherlands and Brandenburg sign military treaty
- Jul 29 Biggest townhall in the world opens in Amsterdam
- Jul 30 Dutch troops occupy Fort Assahudi Seram
- Jul 31 Russo-Polish War (1654-1667): the Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years
Cromwell Divides England
Aug 9 Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell divides England into 11 districts
- Aug 28 New Amsterdam & Peter Stuyvesant bars Jews from military service
- Aug 29 Warsaw falls without resistance to a small force under the command of Charles X Gustav of Sweden during The Deluge.
- Sep 15 The Peach War: Munsee attack Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, killing about 40 colonists, possibly in retaliation for the murder of a Munsee woman picking peaches
- Sep 26 Peter Stuyvesant recaptures Dutch Ft Casimir from Swedish in Delaware
- Oct 9 Swedish king Karel X Gustaaf occupies Kraków
- Oct 15 Jews of Lublin are massacred
- Nov 3 England & France sign military & economic treaties
- Dec 4 Middelburg, Netherlands forbids building of synagogue
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