- Jan 1 1st US income tax (3% of incomes > $600, 5% of incomes > $10,000)
Jackson Moves North
Jan 3 Romney Campaign: Stonewall Jackson moves north from Winchester, Virginia
- Jan 4 Romney Campaign: Stonewall Jackson occupies Bath, West Virginia
- Jan 7 Romney Campaign: Stonewall Jackson march towards Romney, West Virginia
- Jan 9 The first petroleum shipment (1,329 barrels) from the U.S. to Europe arrives at Victoria Docks, London, England aboard the Elizabeth Watts
- Jan 10 Battle of Big Sandy River, KY (Middle Creek)
- Jan 10 Romney expedition, Confederate Army military expedition begins in Romney, West Virginia (US Civil War)
- Jan 16 Hartley Colliery disaster in Northumberland, England, results in 204 deaths
- Jan 17 -Jan 22nd) BBT Ft Henry, Tennessee by USS Lexington
- Jan 18 Confederate Territory of Arizona forms
- Jan 19 Battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky (Fishing Creek, Logan's Crossroads)
- Jan 22 Confederate government raises premium for volunteers from $10 to $20
- Jan 23 Agoston Haraszthy, 1st vintner in Sonoma Valley, California imports 10,000 grape vine cuttings
- Jan 24 Romanian principality arises under King Alexander Cuza. Bucharest proclaimed its capital.
Lincoln and McClellan Clash
Jan 26 Lincoln issues General War Order #1, calling for a Union offensive, General George McClellan ignores order
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