- Sep 1 4th Chicago College All-Star Game: All-Stars beat Green Bay, 6-0; 84,560 at Soldier Field
- Sep 1 Battle of Gijon in Spain begins
The Prisoner of Zenda
Sep 2 Film "The Prisoner of Zenda" based on the novel and play by Anthony Hope, starring Ronald Colman, Madeleine Carroll and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. is released
- Sep 2 US Housing Authority created by National Housing Act
- Sep 4 15-year-old cyclist Doris Kopsky becomes 1st Amateur Bicycle League of America woman's national champion in 4:22.4 in Buffalo, NY
- Sep 5 Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls
- Sep 6 Spanish Civil War: The start of the Battle of El Mazuco
- Sep 8 Pan Arab conference about Palestine opens
- Sep 10 2nd American Football League plays 1st game (LA 21, Pittsburgh 0)
- Sep 10 Cleveland (Los Angeles) Rams plays their 1st NFL game, lose 28-0
- Sep 11 US National Championship Men's Tennis, Forest Hills, NY: American Don Budge wins first of 2 straight US titles; beats Gottfried von Cramm of Germany 6-1, 7-9, 6-1, 3-6, 6-1
- Sep 11 US National Championship Women's Tennis, Forest Hills, NY: Anita Lizana of Chile becomes first Latin American to win a major; beats Jadwiga Jędrzejowska of Poland 6-4, 6-2
Neutrality Act of 1937
Sep 14 President Franklin D. Roosevelt bans US ships from trading arms with China or Japan
- Sep 15 Works Progress Administration (WPA) extends L-Taraval streetcar line to San Francisco Zoo, at Sloat Blvd (San Francisco, California)
Redskins First Game
Sep 16 Redskins NFL franchise play first game in Washington at Griffith Stadium; defeat the New York Giants in season opener, 13–3
- Sep 17 1st NFL game in Washington, D.C.; Redskins beat NY Giants 13-3
- Sep 18 The first New Zealand State house opens in Miramar
- Sep 19 Seven convicts take Folsom Prison Warden Clarence Larkin hostage in escape attempt, the warden, a guard, and 2 inmates are killed in ensuing stand-off; 5 remaining prisoners convicted of murder and executed by newly introduced gas chamber in California
The Hobbit
Sep 21 J. R. R. Tolkien's "The Hobbit" is published by George Allen and Unwin in London
- Sep 22 Date celebrated as the first International Hobbit Day and the birthdays of Bilbo and Frodo Baggins
- Sep 22 Forest fire kills 14 and injures 50 in Cody, Wyoming
- Sep 22 Spanish Civil War: Peña Blanca is taken; the end of the Battle of El Mazuco.
- Sep 23 Yankees lose 9-5 but clinch pennant when Red Sox beat Detroit
- Sep 25 "il duce" visits Berlin/named "the Fuhrer" to corporal 1st class
- Sep 25 Battle of Pingxingguan Pass: Chinese force defeat the Japanese army in a key battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War
- Sep 27 1st Santa Claus Training School opens (Albion NY)
- Sep 27 Balinese Tiger declared extinct
- Sep 28 FDR dedicates Bonneville Dam on Columbia River (Oregon)
- Sep 29 Frans Slaats cycles a world hour record time (45,563 km)
- Sep 30 Ryder Cup Golf, Southport & Ainsdale GC: US wins 8-4; first time the host team loses the competition
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