Edmund Barton

Profession: First Australian Prime Minister

Nationality:

Biography: Edmund Barton was an Australian politician and judge best known as the first Prime Minister of Australia. He was also a founding member of the High Court, and had a lasting impact on the nation’s political and judicial systems.

Barton entered politics in 1879 in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and later served as Speaker and Attorney General. He shifted from advocating free trade to protectionism.

After following Henry Parkes as a leader in the federation movement, Barton played a critical role in drafting the Australian Constitution and campaigned successfully for federation referendums.

Upon federation in 1901, Barton became the first Prime Minister of Australia. He formed a government and led the Protectionist Party to victory in the first federal election.

Barton oversaw the introduction of policies like the Immigration Restriction Act and the establishment of essential national institutions, but also the contentious White Australia policy.

In 1903, he resigned to join the High Court of Australia as a founding justice, serving until his death in 1920.

Barton died in 1920 and left a significant legacy, with various Australian landmarks named in his honor. Knighted as a member of the Order of St. Michael and St. George in 1902, he also received honorary degrees as well as international recognition.

Born: January 18, 1849
Birthplace: Glebe, Colony of New South Wales, British Empire
Star Sign: Capricorn

Died: January 7, 1920 (aged 70)