- Jan 12 Dutch west coast hit by heavy storm, hundreds killed
- Jan 15 France signs secret treaty with German Protestants
- Jan 23 2nd version of Book of Common Prayer becomes mandatory in England
- Feb 15 Dutch coast hit by heavy storm
- Feb 24 Privileges of Hanseatic League in England are abrogated
- Mar 26 Guru Amar Das becomes the Third Sikh Guru
- Apr 4 Maurice, Elector of Saxony begins an alliance with Russian Anikey Stroganov
- Apr 10 Henri II of France occupies Metz
- Apr 18 Mauritius of Saksen occupies Linz
- Apr 19 Mauritius of Saksen captures Karel
- Jun 12 Land guardians of Netherlands attack Verdun
- Jun 27 Cathedral Church of Charcas established in Charcas, Spanish Empire (later La Plata, now Sucre, Bolivia) [1]
Cardano Arrives in Edinburgh
Jun 29 Italian physician and mathematician Girolamo Cardano arrives in Edinburgh, Scotland to treat John Hamilton, Archbishop of St Andrews for over two thousand gold crowns
- Jul 17 Siena drives Spanish troops out of Verdun
- Aug 5 Battle of Ponza: Ottoman naval fleet led by Dragut defeats Genoese fleet under Andrea Doria capturing seven galleys
Conquest of Kazan
Oct 2 Conquest of Kazan by Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible
Gregory I
Gregory XIII
Julius II
Julius III
Leo X
Pius V