- Jan 1 Don Carlos de Gurrea becomes Spanish land guardian of Southern Netherlands
- Jan 5 Battle at Turkheim (Colmar): French army beats Brandenburg
- Jan 8 1st American commercial corporation chartered (NY Fishing Co)
- Jan 31 Cornelia/Dina Olfaarts found not guilty of witchcraft
Appointment of Interest
Feb 21 Prince William of Orange appointed viceroy of Gelderland
- Mar 2 Prince William III installed as governor of Overijssel
Flamsteed 1st Astronomer Royal
Mar 4 John Flamsteed appointed 1st Astronomer Royal of England
- Jun 20 Abenaki, Massachusetts, Mohegan and Wampanoag Native Americans form anti-English front under Metacom
- Jun 20 King Philip's War begins when a small band of Wampanoag men attack and kill colonists in Swansea, Massachusetts, returning a few days later and destroying town
St Paul’s Cathedral
Jun 21 Foundation stone for London's St. Paul’s Cathedral is laid
Royal Greenwich Observatory
Jun 22 Royal Greenwich Observatory established in England by King Charles II
- Jun 25 Battle at Rathenow: Brandenburgers beat Sweden
- Jun 28 Battle at Fehrbellin: Brandenburg army beats Sweden
- Jun 28 King Philip's War: Colonial militia destroys Wampanoag settlement at Mount Hope in Bristol, Rhode Island, in response to recent attacks at Swansea, Massachusetts
- Aug 6 Russian Tsar Alexis bans foreign hair styles to those below the nobility
- Aug 10 King Charles II and John Flamsteed lay the foundation stone of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London
- Aug 10 Portuguese-Jewish synagogue opens in Amsterdam
- Sep 6 Swedish admiral Stenbock sails out with fleet of 66 ships
- Sep 9 New England colonies declare war on Wampanoag Indians
Pocket Watch
Oct 4 Dutch mathematician Christiaan Huygens patents the pocket watch
Integral Calculus
Oct 29 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz makes the first use of the long s, ∫, for integral, helping discover integral and differential calculus
- Nov 2 King Philip's War: Plymouth Colony Governor Josiah Winslow leads Plymouth, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut militias attacks against the Narragansetts, fearing they would join King Philip's cause
- Nov 4 Storm hits Western Europe: flood in Amsterdam
- Nov 11 German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = f(x) function
- Nov 14 Pope Clemens X declares Gorcumse martyrs divine
- Nov 22 English King Charles II adjourns parliament - beginning of the "Long Prorogation" (parliament doesn't resume until February 1677)
- Dec 15 King Philip's War: After peace talk fail, Narraganset warriors attack the Jireh Bull Blockhouse, in South Kingston, Rhode Island, killing at least 15 colonists
- Dec 19 King Philip's War: Combined colonial millitias stake massive attack against the Great Swamp Fort, owned by the Narragansetts, totally destroying the settlement and killing or displacing hundreds of non-combatant women and children
Authors
Dictators
Explorers
Outlaws
Queens
Spies