Elihu Root

Profession: Statesman

Nationality:

Biography: Elihu Root was an American statesman who served as a guiding force in American foreign policy in the early 20th century, as well as a major proponent of international arbitration and cooperation in the history of foreign affairs.

He is perhaps best known for being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1912, "for bringing about better understanding between the countries of North and South America and initiating important arbitration agreements between the United States and other countries."

Root started out studying law at the University of the City of New York, now known as New York University, and began practicing in New York City after his admission to the bar in 1867. He quickly earned a reputation as an excellent lawyer, taking on a mix of corporate cases and teaching.

He entered into public service in earnest when he was appointed as the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York in 1883. His competence and ethical approach to the law soon caught the attention of political leaders, leading to his appointment as Secretary of War under President William McKinley in 1899.

In this role, he was instrumental in reforming the Army, following the challenges it faced during the Spanish-American War. He advocated for the creation of a general staff, founded the War College, and worked to professionalize the armed services.

In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt called upon Root to serve as Secretary of State. He played a key role in the negotiations that led to the end of the Russo-Japanese War, for which he helped to facilitate the Treaty of Portsmouth. Root also laid the groundwork for what would become the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague.

After his tenure as Secretary of State, Root remained active in international affairs. He was a delegate to the Second Hague Peace Conference in 1907 and served as a United States Senator from New York from 1909 to 1915. He worked to establish the American Society of International Law and the Council on Foreign Relations.

For his efforts to promote peace and a more cooperative international order, Root was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1912. Later, he also participated in the founding of the League of Nations, though the United States ultimately did not join.

Born: February 15, 1845
Birthplace: Clinton, New York, USA
Star Sign: Aquarius

Died: February 7, 1937 (aged 91)