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World War One

World War One: Battle on the Somme

Historical Events

Events 1 - 100 of 159

  • 1911-07-13 Great Britain and Japan renew their alliance of 1902 for another four years; the reason Japan joins WWI on the Allies side
  • 1912-11-25 Socialist International rejects that world war is coming
  • 1913-06-11 Grand Vizir Mahmud Shevket Pasha is assassinated, resulting in continuing Young Turk terrorism until WWI

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

1914-06-28 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated by Bosnian-Serb assassin Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, setting off a chain of alliances and events that lead to World War I

  • 1914-07-28 Austria-Hungary decides against mediation and declares war on Serbia - first declaration of war of WWI

Germany Declares War on Russia

1914-08-01 Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany declares war on his nephew Tsar Nicholas II of Russia in WWI

  • 1914-08-01 France and Germany mobilize their troops at outbreak of WWI
  • 1914-08-01 Trois Vierges: German 69th infantry regiment enters Luxembourg on outbreak of WWI
  • 1914-08-03 Germany invades Belgium and declares war on France, beginning World War I
  • 1914-08-04 US declares neutrality on the outbreak of WWI
  • 1914-08-04 WWI: German army shoots Belgian priests and burns down village of Battice
  • 1914-08-04 WWI: Germany declares war on Belgium; Britain declares war on Germany
  • 1914-08-04 WWI: King Albert I becomes Supreme Commander of Belgian army after German declaration of war

Battle of Liège

1914-08-05 Battle of Liège: first battle of WWI, massive German assault on forts around Belgium city of Liège led by Erich Ludendorff

  • 1914-08-05 Montenegro declares war against Austria-Hungary in World War I

War Secretary Lord Kitchener

1914-08-05 WWI: Field Marshal Lord Kitchener appointed Secretary of War after British declaration of war on Germany

  • 1914-08-06 Denis Patrick Dowd Jr. enlists in the French Foreign Legion, becoming the first American to fight in World War I
  • 1914-08-06 WWI: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
  • 1914-08-06 WWI: French cavalry enters Belgium
  • 1914-08-06 WWI: German Zeppelin bombs Liege, 9 killed
  • 1914-08-06 WWI: Serbia declares war against Germany
  • 1914-08-10 WWI: French fall back at Alsace
  • 1914-08-16 World War I: Battle of Cer begins.

Hindenburg Commands Eastern Front

1914-08-22 WW1: Paul von Hindenburg named commander of the German Eighth Army on the Eastern Front against Russia, Erich Ludendorff his Chief of Staff

  • 1914-08-23 Japan declares war on Germany in World War I
  • 1914-08-26 Battle of Tannenberg begins (WWI): 8th German army defeats Russian Second army
  • 1914-08-27 Second day of Battle of Tannenberg (WWI): Germans bombard Usdau
  • 1914-08-28 World War I: Battle of Helgoland Bight (North Sea); British fleet decisively beats Germans, nearly 800 die, and over 200 wounded

Evacuation of Amiens

1914-08-28 World War I: British General John French orders civilian evacuation of Amiens, France as German forces push in from Belgium

  • 1914-08-28 World War I: Third day of Battle of Tannenberg, near Allenstein, East Prussia (present-day Poland); violent German vs. Russian battles
  • 1914-08-29 4th day of Battle of Tannenberg (WWI): Russian Second Army panics, General Martos caught
  • 1914-08-30 Battle of Tannenberg (WWI) in East Prussia ends in destruction of the Russian Second Army with 122,000-170,000 killed, injured or captured by the German 8th Army led by Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff

First Battle of the Marne

1914-09-06 World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins, French and British forces prevent German advance on Paris (till the 12th Sept)

  • 1914-09-08 Private Thomas Highgate becomes the first British soldier to be executed for desertion during WW1
  • 1914-09-09 First fully mechanized unit in the British Army created - the Canadian Automobile Machine Gun Brigade (WWI)
  • 1914-09-15 First Battle of Aisne finishes, Germans vs. French & British during WWI
  • 1914-09-28 German forces move into Antwerp, Belgium (WWI)
  • 1914-10-05 World War I first aerial combat resulting in a kill
  • 1914-10-09 German troops take Antwerp in World War I
  • 1914-10-10 German forces rout Belgians in Antwerp, Belgium (WWI)
  • 1914-10-30 Allied offensive at Ypres (Belgium), aka 'Wipers' during WWI begins
  • 1914-11-28 World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.
  • 1914-12-16 World War I: German battleships under Franz Von Hipper bombard the English ports of Hartlepool and Scarborough.
  • 1914-12-23 World War I: Australian and New Zealand troops arrive in Cairo, Egypt
  • 1914-12-25 Legendary "Christmas Truce" takes place on the battlefields of WWI between British and German troops. Instead of fighting, soldiers exchange gifts and play football
  • 1915-01-07 World War I: Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm approves strategic bombing of Britain, but forbids bombing London, fearing his relatives in the royal family might be killed

First Air Raid on Britain

1915-01-19 World War I: 4 people in Norfolk are killed in the 1st German Zeppelin air raid attack on the United Kingdom

Hitler Receives Iron Cross

1915-02-12 Adolf Hitler receives the relatively common Iron Cross second class for bravery in World War I

  • 1915-02-12 World War I: Kaiser Wilhelm approves the strategic bombing of London's docks
  • 1915-02-28 WWI: After the French try to drive the Germans forces back into the Champagne region, they gain a few hundred yards - at the cost of 50,000 casualties
  • 1915-03-05 World War I: The LZ 33, a zeppelin, is damaged by enemy fire and stranded south of Ostend.
  • 1915-03-19 VI Summer (Modern) Olympic Games: IOC President Pierre de Coubertin writes to Associated Press indicating 1916 Berlin Games won't take place because of WWI
  • 1915-04-18 French pilot Roland Garros is shot down and glides to a landing on the German side of the lines during World War I.

Gallipoli: Guts, Glory and Defeat

1915-04-25 First landings at Gaba Tepe and Cape Helles on the Gallipoli Peninsula by ANZAC forces during World War I

  • 1915-04-26 Italy secretly signs the "Treaty of London" with Britain, France and Russia, bringing Italy into World War I on the Allied side
  • 1915-07-18 WWI: Second Battle of Isonzo begins with Kingdom of Italy offensive against Austria-Hungary, ends 2-1/2 weeks later with over 91,000 combined casualties
  • 1915-08-06 The British land more troops at Suvla Bay on the northern shore of Gallipoli in an effort to break the stalemate on the peninsula during WWI
  • 1915-08-07 WWI: Assault against Russell's Top at Gallipolis, Turkey - 232 Australians are killed
  • 1915-08-09 British attack at Chanak Bair at Gallipoli during WWI
  • 1915-08-19 World War I: the Battle of Van begins
  • 1915-08-21 Italy declares war on Turkey in World War One
  • 1915-10-05 Bulgaria enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.
  • 1915-10-08 Battle of Loos on WWI Western Front ends, German forces contain British attack (85,000 casualties)
  • 1915-12-15 WWI: ANZAC forces begin their withdrawal from the Gallipoli Peninsula after Ottoman forces successfully defend access to Constantinople
  • 1915-12-20 WWI: ANZAC troops complete their withdrawal from Anzac Cove on the Gallipoli Peninsula
  • 1916-02-16 Russian troops conquer the Ottoman Empire city of Erzurum during WWI
  • 1916-02-21 Battle of Verdun begins with a German offensive, leads to an estimated 1 million casualties, and becomes the longest battle of the entire war (9 months)
  • 1916-02-25 Battle of Verdun: German troops conquer Fort Douaumont without firing a shot, the largest and highest fort defending the city of Verdun during World War I
  • 1916-05-18 US pilot Kiffin Rockwell shoots down German aircraft over Alsace in WWI

Battle of Jutland

1916-05-31 Battle of Jutland: Largest naval battle of World War I between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet which killed 8,645 in an inconclusive battle but strategic British victory. German fleet never puts to sea again in WWI.

  • 1916-06-04 General Aleksei Brusilov begins a massive Russian offensive on the Eastern Front (WWI)

Five Miles of Mud Costs a Million Casualties

1916-07-01 First day of the Battle of the Somme in World War I: The British Army suffers its worst day, losing 19,240 men

  • 1916-08-02 World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto
  • 1916-08-04 The Turks attack the British line at Romani in the northern Sinai (WWI)

The Red Baron

1916-09-17 WWI flying ace The Red Baron of the German Luftstreitkräfte, wins his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France

Woodrow Wilson Re-elected

1916-11-07 Amidst the Mexican Revolution and World War I, Woodrow Wilson is re-elected as President of the United States, defeating Republican candidate Charles E. Hughes

  • 1916-12-06 World War I: The Central Powers under General Mackensen capture Bucharest
  • 1916-12-18 Battle of Verdun, longest of World War I, officially ends in German defeat after nine months of fighting and almost 1 million total casualties
  • 1916-12-23 World War I: Battle of Magdhaba - Allied forces defeat Turkish forces in Egypt's Sinai peninsula
  • 1917-01-09 World War I: the Battle of Rafa occurs near the Egyptian border with Palestine.
  • 1917-01-16 "Zimmermann Telegram" is sent from Germany to Mexico, offering promise of Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico being given to Mexico in return for joining World War I if the US enters on the Allied side; British intelligence intercepts the communication and partially deciphers it by the next day. It's release in March shifts US public opinion in favor of war against Germany.
  • 1917-04-04 US Senate agrees (82-6) to participate in WWI
  • 1917-04-06 The United States declares war on Germany and enters World War I on the side of the Allies
  • 1917-05-18 US Congress passes Selective Service Act, authorizing the federal government to raise a national army for the American entry into World War I through compulsory enlistment
  • 1917-05-21 Leo Pinckney, 1st American drafted during WWI
  • 1917-06-01 Boston Braves first baseman Hank Gowdy is first active MLB player to enlist for service in World War I; only player to fight in both World War I & II

Most Excellent Order

1917-06-04 Most Excellent Order of British Empire inaugurated by King George V to recognise the efforts of his people in WWI

  • 1917-06-13 World War I: the deadliest German air raid on London during World War I is carried out by Gotha G bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children with 432 injuries
  • 1917-06-26 First US troops arrive in France during World War I

Greece Joins the Allies

1917-06-27 Eleftherios Venizelos takes over as Prime Minister of Greece and severs relations with Central Powers, bringing Greece onside with the Allies in WWI

  • 1917-07-27 World War I: Allied troops reach the Yser Canal in the prelude to the Battle of Passchendaele
  • 1917-07-31 World War I: Battle of Passchendaele (Third Battle of Ypres) begins, goes on to cause approximately 500,000 casualties
  • 1917-08-06 World War I: Battle of Mărăşeşti between the Romanian and German armies begins

Queen's Hospital

1917-08-18 The Queen's Hospital opens to provide pioneering plastic surgery for WWI soldiers, led by Harold Gillies in Sidcup, England

Mata Hari Executed

1917-10-15 Dutch exotic dancer Mata Hari is executed by firing squad for spying for Germany during WWI at Vincennes near Paris

  • 1917-10-21 1st Americans to see action on front lines of WWI: US troops enter front lines at Sommervillier under French command
  • 1917-10-26 World War I: Brazil declares it is in a state of war with the Central Powers
  • 1917-10-31 World War I: Battle of Beersheba in southern Palestine - "last successful cavalry charge in history" performed by the 4th Australian Light Horse
  • 1917-11-02 In WWI the 1st US soldiers are killed in combat: James Gresham, Thomas Enright and Merle Hay

Famous Birthdays

Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934)

1847-10-02 German WW1 general and President of Germany (1925-34), born in Posen, Duchy of Posen, Prussia

  • 1848-05-23 Helmuth von Moltke, German army general (German Chief of Staff at outbreak of WWI), born in Gersdorff, Mecklenburg (d. 1916)
  • 1849-03-19 Alfred von Tirpitz, German architect of the Imperial Navy (Tirpitz Plan, Unrestricted U-boat Warfare) and World War I Grand Admiral, born in Küstrin, Province of Brandenburg, Kingdom of Prussia (d. 1930)

Horatio Kitchener (1850-1916)

1850-06-24 British General who commanded British forces during the Battle of Omdurman (Sudan) and the Second Boer War who became British Secretary of State for War during WWI (1914-16), born in Ballylongford, County Kerry, Ireland

  • 1852-01-12 Joseph Joffre, French army Chief of Staff (Indo China, WWI Battle of Marne), born in Rivesaltes, France (d. 1931)

John French (1852-1925)

1852-09-28 1st Earl of Ypres and British WWI field marshal, born in Ripple, Kent, England

  • 1854-05-24 Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, admiral (WWI), born in Graz, Austrian Empire (d. 1921)
  • 1855-02-17 Otto Liman von Sanders, German general in Turkey during WWI, born in Stolp, Prussia (d. 1929)
  • 1856-05-25 Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, French general during WWI, born in Mostaganem, French Algeria (d. 1942)
  • 1856-11-18 Nicholas Nikolaevich Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia and general in World War I (1914-18), born in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire (d. 1929)
  • 1857-01-18 Otto von Below, German commandant (WWI - Battle of Caporetto), born in Danzig, Prussia (d. 1944)
  • 1857-11-03 Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev, Imperial Russian general and WWI Chief of Staff, born in Vyazma, Smolensk Governorate, Russian Empire (d. 1918) [OS]

John Jellicoe (1859-1935)

1859-12-05 1st Earl Jellicoe, British Admiral of the Fleet in World War I (Battle of Jutland), born in Southampton, England

John J. Pershing (1860-1948)

1860-09-13 American army general and World War I commander known as "Black Jack", born in Laclede, Missouri

Douglas Haig (1861-1928)

1861-06-19 British fieldmarshal (Sudan, WWI), nicknamed "Butcher Haig" due to mass casualties under his command during the Battle of the Somme, born in Charlotte Square, Edinburgh

  • 1861-06-22 Maximilian von Spee, German admiral (Commander of the East Asia Squadron during WWI), born in Copenhagen, Denmark (d. 1914)
  • 1862-03-12 Jane Delano, American nurse and educator (Red Cross Nursing Service during WWI), born in Montour Falls, New York (d. 1919)
  • 1862-07-18 Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich, Russian WWI general, born in Moscow, Russian Empire (d. 1933)

Reinhard Scheer (1863-1928)

1863-09-30 German admiral and commander of the High Seas Fleet in World War I (Battle of Jutland), born in Obernkirchen, Electorate of Hesse

Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914)

1863-12-18 Archduke of Austria whose assassination in 1914 led to declarations of war in WWI, born in Graz, Austria

  • 1864-04-30 Juhan Liiv, Estonian poet (I Saw Estonia Yesterday), born in Allatzkiwwi, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire (d. 1913)

Erich Ludendorff (1865-1937)

1865-04-09 German general during World War I, born in Kruszewnia, Prussia

Edith Cavell (1865-1915)

1865-12-04 British nurse in World War I who was executed by Germany, born in Swardeston, Norfolk, England

  • 1867-05-13 Frank Brangwyn, Welsh painter, muralist and cartoonist (Official War Artist First World War), born in Bruges, Belgium (d. 1956)
  • 1869-01-13 Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta, Italian WWI general and fascist, born in Genoa (d. 1931)
  • 1869-04-06 Louis Raemakers, Dutch cartoonist (WWI anti-German newspaper cartoons) and painter, born in Roermond, Netherlands (d. 1956)
  • 1869-05-18 Ruprecht, crown prince of Bavaria and WWI Commander of the 6th army, last heir to the Bavarian throne, born in Munich (d. 1955)
  • 1869-10-03 Clara Noyes, American nurse (head of the American Red Cross WW1), born in Port Deposit, Maryland (d. 1936)
  • 1869-12-30 Adolphe Max, Belgian politician (Mayor of Brussels - escaped German captivity WWI), born in Brussels, Belgium (d. 1939)
  • 1870-03-20 Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck 'the Lion of Africa', German general and politician (only German to successfully invade part of British empire in WWI), born in Saarlouis, Prussia (d. 1964)

Jan Smuts (1870-1950)

1870-05-24 Prime Minister of South Africa (1919-24, 1939-48), military leader (Boer War, WWI, Smuts Report that led to the RAF) and internationalist statesman (Commonwealth, League of Nations, United Nations), born in Bovenplaats, Cape Colony, British Empire

David Beatty (1871-1936)

1871-01-17 1st Earl Beatty and British Admiral of the Fleet during World War I (Battle of Jutland), born in Nantwich, England

  • 1872-09-28 Lena Ashwell, British actress and theatrical manager who was the 1st to organize large-scale entertainment for WWI troops at the front, born on the ship Wellesley (d. 1957)

Arthur Currie (1875-1933)

1875-12-05 Canadian army officer (1st Canadian commander of Canadian Corps, WWI), born in Napperton, Ontario

Mata Hari (1876-1917)

1876-08-07 Dutch exotic dancer, courtesan and convicted German WWI spy, born in Leeuwarden, Netherlands

  • 1878-06-17 Albert Thomas, French socialist politician (Minister of Armament WW1), born in Champigny-sur-Marne (d. 1932)

Paul Poiret (1879-1944)

1879-04-20 French fashion designer and couturier who was the most fashionable dress designer before World War I, born in Paris

  • 1879-05-30 Colin Blythe, English cricketer (outstanding slow lefty pre-WWI), born in Deptford (d. 1917)
  • 1880-01-28 Herbert Strudwick, English cricket wicketkeeper (28 Tests, 73 dismissals; Surrey CCC), born in Mitcham, England (d. 1970)
  • 1880-04-04 Georg von Trapp, Austrian WWI submarine commander and inspiration for "The Sound of Music" character, born in Zara, Kingdom of Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary (d. 1947)
  • 1881-02-22 James Reese Europe, American ragtime and early jazz arranger, composer, and bandleader in New York, and with the military in France during WWI, born in Mobile, Alabama (d. 1919) [1] [2]

Enver Pasha (1881-1922)

1881-11-22 Turkish general, Ottoman Minister of War during World War I and part of the dictatorial triumvirate known as the "Three Pashas", born in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire

Harold Gillies (1882-1960)

1882-06-17 New Zealand father of modern plastic surgery who pioneered skin graft techniques on injured soldiers in WWI, born in Dunedin, New Zealand [1]

  • 1882-08-05 Joe English, Irish-Flemish draftsman, painter, and soldier (designed WWI gravestones), born in Bruges, Belgium (d. 1918)
  • 1883-05-14 Jan Olieslagers, Belgian aviation and motorcycle pioneer (WWI flying ace, Antwerp Devil), born in Antwerp, Belgium (d. 1942)
  • 1885-03-14 Gervais Raoul Lufbery, French-American World War I fighter pilot and flying ace, born in Chamalières, France (d. 1918)
  • 1885-07-07 Ernest Farrar, English composer whose career was cut short by WWI, born in London (d. 1918)
  • 1885-11-06 Martin O'Meara, Irish-born Australian WWI soldier and Victoria Cross honoree, born in Terryglass, Republic of Ireland (d. 1935)
  • 1886-12-10 William Booth, England Test cricket batsman (WWI 2 Tests), born in Pudsey, England (d. 1916)
  • 1887-05-05 Mervyn S. Bennion, United States Navy officer (Captain of USS West Virginia), WWI veteran, and Medal of Honor recipient, born in Vernon, Utah Territory (d. 1941)
  • 1887-05-24 Edward "Mick" Mannock, British WWI flying ace (Victoria Cross), born in British Isles (d. 1918)
  • 1887-12-13 Alvin York, American World War I soldier who led a famed attack on a German machine gun nest (Medal of Honor), born in Pall Mall, Tennessee (d. 1964)

T. E. Lawrence (1888-1935)

1888-08-16 British author, soldier and diplomat famous for his liaison role in Arabia during WWI, born in Tremadog, Caernarfonshire, Wales

  • 1890-10-08 Eddie Rickenbacker, American aviator "Ace of Aces" (WWI), born in Columbus, Ohio (d. 1973)
  • 1891-05-19 Oswald Boelcke, German World War I pilot (d. 1916)

The Red Baron (1892-1918)

1892-05-02 German World War I fighter ace, born in Wrocław, Poland

  • 1892-07-15 Henry Johnson, American soldier of 369th regiment (aka Harlem Hell Fighters), 1st US WWI soldier to receive the Croix de guerre after fighting a German raid in hand-to-hand combat to rescue a fellow soldier (posthumous Medal of Honour, 2015), born in Tallahassee, Florida, (d. 1929)
  • 1892-12-27 Alfred Edwin McKay, Canadian Royal Flying Corps WWI flying ace, born in Brussels, Ontario (d. 1917)
  • 1893-01-10 Albert Jacka, Australian soldier, first Australian World War I Victoria Cross winner (d. 1932)

Hermann Goering (1893-1946)

1893-01-12 German Nazi Party leader, convicted war criminal, Vice-Chancellor of Germany (1941-45) and World War I fighter pilot ace, born in Rosenheim, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire

Billy Bishop (1894-1956)

1894-02-08 Canadian First World War flying ace with 72 kills, born in Owen Sound, Ontario

  • 1894-07-27 Gerald F. Bogan, U.S. Navy aviator and vice admiral who served in World War I & II, born in Mackinac Island, Michigan (d. 1973)
  • 1894-12-28 Andre de Meulemeester, Belgian World War I fighter ace known as the "Eagle of Flanders" with 11 known kills and 19 unconfirmed, born in Bruges, Belgium (d. 1973)

Eugene Bullard (1895-1961)

1895-10-09 1st African-American military pilot, flew for France in World War I as part of the French Foreign Legion, born in Columbus, Georgia

  • 1896-04-20 Wop May, Canadian aviator, flying ace in the WWI, born in Carberry, Manitoba (d. 1952)
  • 1896-04-26 Ernst Udet, German WWI pilot and notable flying ace who helped develop the Luftwaffe under the Nazi Party, born in Frankfurt am Main, German Empire (d. 1941)
  • 1896-05-03 Karl Allmenröder, German World War I flying Ace, born in Wald, Rhine Province, Germany (d. 1917)
  • 1896-06-06 Henry Allingham, British supercentenarian and World War I veteran, born in Clapton, London (d. 2009)
  • 1896-06-07 Douglas Campbell, American aviator and World War I flying ace, born in San Francisco, California (d. 1990)
  • 1897-02-18 Charles Kuentz, WW1 veteran, changed nationality 4 times (d. 2005)
  • 1897-04-07 Erich Loewenhardt, German flying ace of World War I, born in Province of Silesia, Poland (d. 1918)
  • 1897-04-13 Werner Voss, German World War I flying ace, born in Krefeld, Germany (d. 1917)
  • 1897-05-19 Frank Luke, American World War I pilot (d. 1918)
  • 1897-10-16 Louis de Cazenave, France's oldest living man (oldest survivor from WWI), born in Saint-Georges-d'Aurac, France (d. 2008)
  • 1898-05-13 Justin Tuveri, Italian veteran of the First World War (d. 2007)
  • 1898-10-14 Maurice Martenot, French cellist, WWI radio telegrapher, and instrument inventor (ondes Martenot), born in Paris, France (d. 1980) [1]
  • 1898-12-02 Indra Lal Roy, Indian World War I flying ace, born in Calcutta, British India (d. 1918)
  • 1899-01-14 Fritz Bayerlein, German general (WWI, Poland, Libya, St-Lo), born in German Empire (d. 1970)
  • 1899-03-10 Robert Meier, German WW1 veteran, formerly Germany's oldest man. (d. 2007)
  • 1900-09-23 Bill Stone, British serviceman; one of the last surviving veterans of World War I, born in Ledstone, England (d. 2009)
  • 1903-12-13 John Piper, British writer (US Churches in WWI) and official war painter, born in Epsom, Surrey, England (d. 1992)
  • 1949-03-14 Michael Stedman, British World War I Historian and Author

Famous Deaths

Deaths 1 - 100 of 115

Franz Ferdinand (1863-1914)

1914-06-28 Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophie are assassinated in Sarajevo by young Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip, leads to declarations of war in WWI

  • 1914-08-22 Léon Amédée François Raffenel, French general (3rd Colonial Div, WWI), dies during Battle of Rossignol at 58
  • 1914-08-22 Rondony, French general (3rd Colonial Div, WWI), dies during Battle of Rossignol at 58
  • 1914-09-03 Albéric Magnard, French composer (Guercœur), dies defending his property against invading Germans in WWI at 49
  • 1914-09-29 Jean Bouin, French middle distance runner (Olympic silver 1912), dies fighting in WWI at 25
  • 1914-10-30 Ernst Stadler, German poet (Der Aufbruch), dies fighting in WWI at 31

Alfred Gwynne Vanderbilt (1877-1915)

1915-05-07 American businessman (New York Central Railway), dies aboard the RMS Lusitania during World War I at 37

  • 1915-05-19 John Simpson Kirkpatrick stretcher bearer with the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps at Gallipoli during World War I (b. 1892)
  • 1915-06-05 Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, French artist and sculptor, killed fighting in WWI at 23
  • 1915-08-10 Henry Moseley, English physicist (relationship between atomic number and charge of the atomic nucleus), shot and killed at Gallipoli during WWI, at 27
  • 1915-09-02 August Stramm, German poet and playwright dies in battle during WWI at 41
  • 1915-09-29 Rudi Stephan, German composer (Die ersten Menschen), dies fighting in World War I at 28

Edith Cavell (1865-1915)

1915-10-12 British nurse, executed by German firing squad in Belgium during World War I at 49

  • 1915-12-23 Roland Leighton, English poet and soldier (featured in The Testament of Youth), dies on French battlefield during WWI at 20
  • 1916-03-09 Kenneth Hutchings, English cricketer (exciting England batsman, WWI), dies fighting at the Battle of the Somme at 33

Horatio Kitchener (1850-1916)

1916-06-05 British General who commanded British forces during the Battle of Omdurman (Sudan) and the Second Boer War who became British Secretary of State for War during WWI (1914-16), drowns at 65 after the HMS Hampshire struck a German mine

  • 1916-06-18 Helmuth von Moltke, German General (German Chief of Staff at start of WWI), dies at 67
  • 1916-06-18 Max Immelmann, German pilot (1st flying ace of WWI), shot down over Northern France at 25
  • 1916-06-24 Victor Chapman, French-American pilot renowned during WW1 (1st American pilot to die in WW1), succumbs to wounds at age 26
  • 1916-07-01 William Booth, English Test cricket batsman (WWI 2 Tests), dies at the Somme at 39
  • 1916-07-16 Victor Horsley, English physician and neuroscientist, dies while serving in Iraq in WWI at 59
  • 1916-11-23 Leonard Moon, English cricket batsman (4 Tests, Cambridge University CC, Middlesex CCC), dies in WWI action at 38
  • 1917-02-20 Leone Sextus Tollemache, British Army captain who was incorrectly alleged to have the longest English surname on record (Leone Sextus Denys Oswolf Fraudatifilius Tollemache-Tollemache de Orellana Plantagenet Tollemache-Tollemache), dies in active service in WWI at 32
  • 1917-04-02 Bryn Lewis, Welsh rugby union winger (2 caps; Newport, Cambridge University), dies on active duty in WWI at 26
  • 1917-05-03 Norman Callaway, Australian cricket batsman (207 in only FC innings), dies on WWI battlefield at 21
  • 1917-06-27 Karl Allmenröder, German World War I flying Ace, dies at 21
  • 1917-07-14 Octave Lapize, French cyclist (Tour de France 1910), dies when shot down as WWI fighter pilot at 29
  • 1917-09-12 Eric Lundie, South African cricketer (WWI Test South Africa v England 1914), dies at the Battle of Passchendaele at 29
  • 1917-09-23 Werner Voss, German World War I flying ace, dies at 20

Mata Hari (1876-1917)

1917-10-15 Dutch exotic dancer, courtesan and convicted German WWI spy, executed by firing squad at 41

  • 1917-12-28 Alfred Edwin McKay, Canadian Royal Flying Corps WWI flying ace, shot down and killed over Belgium at 25
  • 1918-04-11 Arthur E Ochse, South African cricket batsman (2 Tests; Transvaal), dies in action WWI at 48

The Red Baron (1892-1918)

1918-04-21 German World War I fighter ace, dies at 25 after his plane is shot down

  • 1918-05-02 Ernie Parker, Australian tennis player (Australasian C'ship 1913), dies in action WWI at 34
  • 1918-05-19 Gervais Raoul Lufbery, French-American World War I fighter pilot and flying ace, dies at 33
  • 1918-07-22 Indra Lal Roy, Indian World War I flying ace, dies at 19
  • 1918-08-10 Erich Lowenhardt, Germany flying ace of World War I (b. 1897)
  • 1918-08-31 Joe English, Irish-Flemish draftsman, painter, and soldier (designed WWI gravestones), dies of appendicitis at 36
  • 1918-09-18 Ernest Farrar, English composer and musician, dies fighting on the Western Front during WWI at 33
  • 1918-10-06 Arthur O'Hara Wood, Australian tennis player (Australasian C'ship 1914), dies in action WWI at 28
  • 1918-10-09 Mikhail Vasilyevich Alekseyev, Imperial Russian general and WWI Chief of Staff, murdered at 60
  • 1918-10-13 Gerrit Engelke, German writer and poet (Briefer der Liebe), dies fighting in WWI at 27
  • 1918-10-19 Joseph Lesage, French painter/etcher (WWI), dies at 34
  • 1919-04-15 Jane Delano, American nurse and educator (Red Cross Nursing Service during WWI), dies at 57
  • 1919-05-09 James Reese Europe, American ragtime and early jazz arranger, composer, and bandleader in New York, and with the military in France during WWI, dies of a stab wound (received during an argument with one of his drummers), at 38
  • 1921-09-13 Louis of Battenberg [Mountbatten], Austrian-born British admiral (WWI), dies at 67

Enver Pasha (1881-1922)

1922-08-04 Turkish general, Ottoman Minister of War during World War I and part of the dictatorial triumvirate known as the "Three Pashas", dies in battle in the Soviet Union at 40

  • 1925-04-22 André Caplet, French composer and conductor (Conte Fantastic, Le miroir de Jesus), dies from WWI gas attack issues at 45

John French (1852-1925)

1925-05-22 1st Earl of Ypres and British WWI field marshal, dies at 72

  • 1926-03-16 Sergeant Stubby, decorated World War I dog

Douglas Haig (1861-1928)

1928-01-29 British fieldmarshal (Sudan, WWI) nicknamed "Butcher Haig" due to mass casualties under his command during the Battle of the Somme, dies from a heart attack at 66

Reinhard Scheer (1863-1928)

1928-11-26 German admiral and commander of the High Seas Fleet in World War I (Battle of Jutland), dies at 65

  • 1929-01-05 Nicholas Nikolaevich Romanov, Grand Duke of Russia and general in World War I (1914-18), dies at 72
  • 1929-07-01 Henry Johnson, American soldier of 369th regiment (aka Harlem Hell Fighters), 1st US WWI soldier to receive the Croix de guerre after fighting a German raid in hand-to-hand combat to rescue a fellow soldier (posthumous Medal of Honour, 2015), dies of myocarditis at 36
  • 1929-08-22 Otto Liman von Sanders, German general in Turkey during WWI, dies at 74
  • 1930-03-06 Alfred von Tirpitz, German architect of the Imperial Navy (Tirpitz Plan, Unrestricted U-boat Warfare) and World War I Grand Admiral, dies at 80
  • 1931-01-03 Joseph Joffre, French army Chief of Staff (Indo China, WWI Battle of Marne), dies at 78
  • 1931-07-04 Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta, Italian WWI general and fascist, dies at 62
  • 1931-10-08 John Monash, Australian military general during WWI (Gallipoli, Western Front), dies at 66
  • 1932-05-07 Albert Thomas, French socialist politician (Minister of Armament WW1), dies at 53
  • 1933-10-05 Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich, Russian WWI general, dies at 71

Arthur Currie (1875-1933)

1933-11-30 Canadian army officer (1st Canadian commander of Canadian Corps, WWI), dies from pneumonia complications at 57

Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934)

1934-08-02 German WW1 general and President of Germany (1925-34), dies of lung cancer at 86

T. E. Lawrence (1888-1935)

1935-05-19 British author, soldier and diplomat famous for his liaison role in Arabia during WWI, dies at 46, in a motorcycle accident in Dorset, England

John Jellicoe (1859-1935)

1935-11-20 1st Earl Jellicoe, British Admiral of the Fleet in World War I (Battle of Jutland), dies of pneumonia at 75

  • 1935-12-20 Martin O'Meara, Australian WWI soldier and Victoria Cross honoree, dies at 50

David Beatty (1871-1936)

1936-03-12 1st Earl Beatty and British Admiral of the Fleet during World War I (Battle of Jutland), dies of heart failure at 65

  • 1936-05-14 Edmund Allenby, Viscount Allenby, English Fieldmarshal, General in Egypt during WWI, dies at 74
  • 1936-06-03 Clara Noyes, American nurse (head of the American Red Cross WW1), dies from a heart attack at 66

Erich Ludendorff (1865-1937)

1937-12-20 German general during World War I, dies of liver cancer at 72

  • 1939-11-06 Adolphe Max, Belgian politician (Mayor of Brussels - escaped German captivity WWI), dies at 69
  • 1941-11-17 Ernst Udet, German WWI pilot and notable flying ace who helped develop the Luftwaffe under the Nazi Party, commits suicide at 45
  • 1941-12-07 Mervyn S. Bennion, United States Navy officer (Captain of USS West Virginia), WWI veteran, and Medal of Honor recipient, killed in Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor at 54
  • 1942-03-23 Jan Olieslagers, Belgian aviation and motorcycle pioneer (WWI flying ace, Antwerp Devil), dies of cancer at 58
  • 1942-07-03 Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, French general during WWI, dies at 86
  • 1944-03-15 Otto von Below, German commandant (WWI), dies at 86

Paul Poiret (1879-1944)

1944-04-30 French fashion designer and couturier who was the most fashionable dress designer before World War I, dies at 65

Hermann Goering (1893-1946)

1946-10-15 German Nazi Party leader, convicted war criminal, Vice-Chancellor of Germany (1941-45) and World War I fighter pilot ace, poisons himself in prison at 53

  • 1947-05-30 Georg von Trapp, Austrian WWI submarine commander and inspiration for "The Sound of Music" character, dies at 67

John J. Pershing (1860-1948)

1948-07-15 American army general and World War I commander known as "Black Jack", dies of coronary artery disease at 87

  • 1949-03-07 Francis Dodd, English artist (official war artist WWI), commits suicide at 74

Jan Smuts (1870-1950)

1950-09-11 Prime Minister of South Africa (1919-24, 1939-48), military leader (Boer War, WWI, Smuts Report that led to the RAF) and internationalist statesman (Commonwealth, League of Nations, United Nations), dies of a heart attack at 80

  • 1952-06-21 Wop May, Canadian aviator, flying ace in the WWI, dies at 56
  • 1955-08-02 Rupprecht, last crown prince of Bavaria and German fieldmarshall during WWI, dies at 86
  • 1955-10-21 Roy Minnett, Australian cricket all-rounder who played 9 Tests, 3 x 50, 11 wickets; NSW, dies at 69
  • 1956-06-11 Frank Brangwyn, Welsh painter, muralist and cartoonist (Official War Artist First World War), dies at 89

Billy Bishop (1894-1956)

1956-09-11 Canadian First World War flying ace with 72 kills, dies at 62

  • 1957-03-13 Lena Ashwell, British actress and theatrical manager who was the 1st to organize large-scale entertainment for WWI troops at the front, dies at 84

Harold Gillies (1882-1960)

1960-09-10 New Zealand father of modern plastic surgery who pioneered skin graft techniques on injured soldiers in WWI, dies at 78 of a slight cerebral thrombosis gained while operating on the leg of an 18-year-old girl [1]

Eugene Bullard (1895-1961)

1961-10-12 1st African-American military pilot, flew for France in World War I as part of the French Foreign Legion, dies of stomach cancer at 66

  • 1961-10-26 Edgar Mayne, Australian cricketer (4 Tests for Australia around WWI), dies at 79
  • 1964-03-09 Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, 'the Lion of Africa', German general and politician (only German to successfully invade part of British empire in WWI), dies at 93
  • 1964-09-02 Alvin York, American World War I soldier who led a famed attack on a German machine gun nest (Medal of Honor), dies at 76
  • 1973-03-07 Andre de Meulemeester, Belgian World War I fighter ace known as the "Eagle of Flanders" with 11 known kills and 19 unconfirmed, dies at 78
  • 1973-06-08 Gerald F. Bogan, U.S. Navy aviator and vice admiral who served in World War I & II, dies at 78
  • 1973-07-23 Eddie Rickenbacker, American aviator "Ace of Aces" (WWI), dies at 82
  • 1980-10-08 Maurice Martenot, French cellist, WWI radio telegrapher, and instrument inventor (ondes Martenot), dies at 81 [1]
  • 1990-12-16 Douglas Campbell, American aviator and World War I flying ace, dies at 94
  • 1992-06-28 John Piper, British writer (US Churches in WWI) and official war painter, dies at 88
  • 2005-01-22 Carlo Orelli, Italian veteran of World War I (b. 1894)