Battle of Adrianople
324 Battle of Adrianople: Roman Emperor Constantine I defeats his co-emperor Licinius, who flees to Byzantium
Battle of Fariskur
1250 Louis IX of France is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army at the Battle of Fariskur while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade; he later has to ransom himself
Hook and Cod Wars End
1428 Treaty of Delft signed between Jacqueline of Bavaria and Philip the Good of Burgundy, ending the Hook and Cod wars in the County of Holland
Founding of Quebec
1608 Samuel de Champlain founds city of Quebec
- 1630 Emperor Ferdinand II opens German Parliament
- 1720 Sweden and Denmark sign peace treaty
Washington Surrenders
1754 George Washington surrenders to French, Fort Necessity (7 Years' War)
- 1767 Norway's oldest newspaper still in print, Adresseavisen, is founded (first edition published this date)
- 1767 Pitcairn Island is discovered by Midshipman Robert Pitcairn on an expeditionary voyage in the Pacific, commanded by Philip Carteret
- 1775 George Washington takes command of Continental Army at Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 1778 British forces massacre 360 men, women and children in Wyoming, Pennsylvania
- 1778 Prussia declares war on Austria
- 1806 Michael Keens exhibits 1st large-scale cultivated strawberry—a large fruit strawberry, called the Keen Seedling
- 1814 Americans capture Fort Erie, Canada (War of 1812)
- 1819 1st savings bank in US (Bank of Savings in NYC) opens its doors
- 1839 1st state normal school in US opens, Lexington, Massachusetts, with 3 students
- 1841 John Couch Adams decides to determine position of an unknown planet by irregularities it causes in the motion of Uranus
- 1844 The last pair of Great Auks is killed
Théâtre Robert-Houdin Opens
1845 Pioneering French magician Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin opens his magic theatre in Paris
- 1848 Slaves freed in Danish West Indies (now US Virgin Islands)
- 1849 The French enter Rome in order to restore Pope Pius IX to power; proves a major obstacle to Italian unification
- 1852 Congress authorizes US's 2nd mint (San Francisco, California)
- 1861 Colonel Jackson receives his commission as brigadier general
- 1861 Martinsburg, Virginia - Confederate forces pull out before US advance
Pony Express
1861 Pony Express arrives in San Francisco with overland letters from NY
Slavery Divide Triggers America’s Civil War
1863 Battle of Gettysburg, the largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War
- 1864 Battle of Chattahoochie River, Georgia [until Jul 9]
- 1864 Harpers Ferry, West Virginia - Federals evacuate in face of Early's advance
- 1876 Montenegro declares war on Turkey
- 1883 SS Daphne sinks on Clyde River in Scotland; 195 die
- 1884 Dow Jones publishes its first stock index, the Dow Jones Transportation Average
- 1886 1st NY Tribune printing using 1st commercial linotype machine
- 1890 Idaho admitted as 43rd US state
Congo Given to Belgium
1890 King Leopold II gives Congo, previously a private possession, to Belgium
- 1898 American troops, en route to the Philippines on the SS China, raise the American flag on Wake Island
- 1898 Dutch Automobile Club forms (KNAC)
- 1898 US Navy defeats Spanish fleet in Santiago harbor, Cuba
- 1900 The British evacuate Rustenburg and occupy Commando Nek and Silkaatsnek in the Anglo-Boer war
- 1900 Trying to stem the growing popular resentment, Tsar Nicholas of Russia issues a decree that abolishes the banishment of dissidents and troublemakers to Siberia
- 1905 American boxer Marvin Hart scores a 12th round KO of Jack Root in Reno, Nevada for the vacant world heavyweight title
- 1905 Kuyper government forms in Holland
- 1907 Pope decree forbids modernization of theology
- 1908 Indian nationalist Bal Gangadhar Tilak arrested for sedition by the British in wake of Muzzafarpur bombing
Marquard Ties Win-streak Record
1912 NY Giants pitcher Rube Marquard ties Tim Keefe's 1888 MLB record 19 game win-streak with 2-1 win v Brooklyn Dodgers; has 21 with 2 end-of-season in 1911
- 1913 Common tern banded in Maine; found dead in 1919 in Africa (1st bird known to have crossed the Atlantic)
- 1913 Confederate veterans at the Great Reunion of 1913 reenact Pickett's Charge; upon reaching the high-water mark of the Confederacy they are met by the outstretched hands of friendship from Union survivors
- 1915 After exploding a bomb in US Senate reception room previous day, Erich Muenter, a German instructor at Cornell University, shoots JP Morgan for representing the British government in war contract negotiations
- 1917 Spontaneous demonstration at Tauride Palace, Petrograd
- 1918 SDAP'er Suze Groenweg elected 1st woman in Dutch parliament
- 1920 Java Technical School, Bandung, opens
- 1920 Royal Air Force holds an air display at Hendon, England
Nansen Passports Created
1922 Intergovernmental Conference on Identity Certificates for Russian Refugees, convened by Fridtjof Nansen in Geneva, creates the Nansen passports (for stateless persons)
- 1923 Dockers' strike in Hull, Grimsby, Cardiff and Bristol over to London
Ferguson's Tractor Patent
1928 Harry Ferguson granted a patent for his three-point hitch for tractors [1]
1st Demo of Color Television
1928 John Logie Baird demonstrates the first colour television transmission in London
Schmeling vs Stribling
1931 German boxer Max Schmeling beats American Young Stribling by TKO in 15 in Cleveland in his first heavyweight title defense; first major fight broadcast live on national radio
Del Mar Turf Club
1937 Del Mar Turf Club, with crooner Bing Crosby as president and actor Pat O'Brien as a club officer, opens for racing
- 1938 British East Coast Main Line locomotive No. 4468 "Mallard" reached a speed of 202.6 km/h (126 mph) setting new record for steam powered trains
Eternal Flame Lit at Gettysburg
1938 President Franklin Roosevelt dedicates the Eternal Light Peace Memorial and lights the eternal flame at Gettysburg Battlefield
Heinkel Demos Rocket Plane
1939 Ernst Heinkel demonstrates 800 kph (500 mph) rocket plane to Adolf Hitler
- 1940 ARP-leader and Dutch ex-premier Colijn argues cooperation with Germany
Churchill’s Deadly Attack On His Ally
1940 British Royal Navy damages the French fleet in Mers-el-Kebir, Algeria, to prevent Germany seizing it
- 1940 German occupiers forbid using Dutch royal names
- 1942 Adolf Hitler visits Field Marshal Von Bock's headquarters in Ukraine
- 1942 German troops march into Sebastopol, Crimea
- 1943 British Liberator bomber sinks German U-628 in Bay of Biscay
Double Indemnity
1944 "Double Indemnity" film noir directed by Billy Wilder and starring Fred MacMurray and Barbara Stanwyck is released in Baltimore, Maryland
- 1944 Oriole Park, then a minor league baseball stadium burns down in Baltimore; cause, speculated discarded cigarette
- 1944 US V-III-E Army corp opens assault on Coutances Cotentin
49th Secretary of State
1945 James F. Byrnes becomes 49th US Secretary of State, succeeding Edward Stettinius
- 1946 1st Dutch government of Louis Beel forms
- 1946 The Cape Passive Resistance Council is formed at a mass meeting in Cape Town, attended by 1,500 people
- 1947 252,288 people (record) pass through Grand Central Station, NYC
- 1947 Soviet Union doesn't participate in Marshall Plan
- 1948 Kidnapper Caryl Chessman sentenced to death, California; execution doesn't happen until 1960
- 1952 Puerto Rico's constitution approved by US Congress
Andy Williams Show
1958 "Andy Williams Show" premieres on ABC (later on CBS & NBC)
- 1959 1st exhibition of Karen, the bongo antelope, at Cleveland Zoo opens (Cleveland, Ohio)
- 1962 Algerian Revolution against French rule ends (Algeria gains independence on 5th July)
- 1963 In New Zealand, a National Airways Corporation Dakota DC-3 crashes in the Kaimai Ranges; all 23 passengers and crew are killed in New Zealand’s worst internal civil aviation accident
- 1965 Harold Strachan, member of the Communist Party of South Africa and Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress, is served with a restriction order in terms of the Suppression of Communism Act
- 1965 USSR and Persia sign dam building and economic aid pact
- 1966 Atlanta Braves Tony Cloninger, 1st NL player and only pitcher to hit 2 grand slams in a MLB game (17-3 v SF Giants)
- 1966 Race riots in Omaha, Nebraska
- 1967 "News at 10" premieres on British TV
- 1968 41°F lowest temperature ever recorded in Cleveland in July
- 1968 As part of a series of protests against housing conditions in Derry, the Derry Housing Action Committee (DHAC) hold a sit-down protest on the newly opened second deck of the Craigavon Bridge in the city, Northern Ireland
- 1968 Cleveland pitcher Luis Tiant strikes out MLB record 19 Minnesota Twins in 1-0 win; record for 10 inning game; also record 32 Ks in consecutive games
Music History
1969 Newport Jazz Festival, Newport, Rhode Island opens, 78, 000 attend over 4 days; performers include: George Benson; Blood, Sweat, and Tears; Jeff Beck; James Brown; Bill Evans; Sun Ra; Mothers of Invention; Dave Brubeck; Miles Davis; Stephane Grapelli; and Sly & The Family Stone
- 1969 Soviet N1 rocket explodes just after launch off at Baikonur Cosmodrome - one of the largest-ever non-nuclear human-made explosion, debris spread over 10 km
Music History
1970 Atlanta International Pop Festival opens, 200,000 attend over 3 days; performers include Allman Brothers; Grand Funk Railroad, Jimi Hendrix Experience; Richie Havens; Cat Mother & the All-Night Newsboys; B.B. King; Mott the Hoople; and John Sebastian
- 1970 British aircraft crashes at Barcelona, 112 killed
- 1970 California Angels pitcher Clyde Wright no-hits Oakland A's, 4-0
- 1970 The British Army impose curfew on Falls Road area of Belfast as they search for weapons; coming under attack from the Official IRA (OIRA) and republican rioters
- 1972 The Ulster Defence Association and the British Army come into conflict about a 'no-go' area at Ainsworth Avenue, Belfast
- 1972 Themba Sono is forced to resign as president of South African Student Organisation (SASO)
- 1973 Brothers Gaylord (Hall of Fame) and Jim Perry (3-time All Star) face each other for only time in MLB, Tigers beat Indians 5-4, Gaylord charged with loss
- 1973 General Walters, serves as acting director of CIA
Sports History
1974 Pitching in MLB-record 13th consecutive game for the LA Dodgers, Mike Marshall saves Tommy John's 4-1 win over the Cincinnati Reds
- 1974 Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 14 carries 2 cosmonauts to space station Salyut 3
- 1976 Adolfo Suárez becomes premier of Spain
Music History
1976 Brian Wilson performs with the Beach Boys after his 12 year stage absence, at Anaheim Stadium in California
Wimbledon Men's Tennis
1976 Wimbledon Men's Tennis: Sweden's Björn Borg beats Ilie Năstase of Romania 6-4, 6-2, 9-7 for the first of 5 straight Wimbledon titles
- 1977 Canadian Open Golf (Peter Jackson Classic), Lachute GC: Judy Rankin wins by 3 strokes from Pat Meyers and Sandra Palmer
- 1977 The Senegalese Republican Movement (MRS) is founded
Event of Interest
1977 Triple Crown champion Seattle Slew's 9-race win streak ends in the Swaps Stakes at Hollywood Park, finishes 4th
- 1978 US Supreme Court rules 5-4, FCC had a right to reprimand NY radio station WBAI for broadcasting George Carlin's "Filthy Words"
- 1980 Biggest MLB crowd in 7 years, 73,096 watch Indians beat NY Yankees, 7-0 at Cleveland Stadium
- 1981 NYC transit fare rises from 60 cents to 75 cents, new brass Y-cut-out token
- 1982 Riot at building site of Stopera concert hall in Amsterdam causes Ÿ1 million in damages
- 1983 Texas Rangers explode for MLB single extra innings record 12 runs in 15th inning of 16-4 win v Oakland
- 1984 After 22 years, England Test cricket spinner Derek Underwood hits a maiden 1st class century (111) for Kent v Sussex at Hastings
- 1984 Dolphin rocket launched off San Clemente Island
- 1984 Supreme Court rules Jaycees may be forced to admit women as members
- 1984 West Indies cricket opener Gordon Greenidge scores brilliant 214 off 242 balls in 9-wicket Lord's Test win v England
Back to the Future
1985 "Back to the Future" directed by Robert Zemeckis and starring Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd is released
Film & TV History
1985 CBS announces a 21% stock buy-back to thwart Ted Turner's takeover
- 1985 Tinker Bell's first nightly flight at Walt Disney World Resort, Florida
- 1986 Kuwait's National Assembly (Majlis al Umma) dissolves
Statue of Liberty
1986 US President Reagan presides over relighting of renovated Statue of Liberty
- 1987 2 men became 1st hot-air balloon travelers to cross Atlantic
Sports History
1987 Controversial NY Mets MLB star Darryl Strawberry threatens teammates for criticising his play; he is now an ordained minister
- 1988 Gene Nelson of the Oakland A's becomes first AL pitcher to steal a base since 1973 in 9-8 win over Toronto Blue Jays
Event of Interest
1988 The Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey is completed, providing the second connection between the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosphorus
- 1988 US Vincennes in Strait of Hormoez shoots Iran Airbus A300, kills 290
- 1989 Movie "Batman" set record of quickest $100 million (10 days)
- 1989 Peter Koech of Kenya sets 3,000m steeplechase world record of 8:05.39 in Stockholm, Sweden
- 1989 US Supreme Court rules states do not have to provide funds for abortions
- 1990 Liberian President Samuel Kanyon Doe offers to resign in response to rebel incursions in his country; he is later kidnapped and executed
- 1990 Members of 2 Live Crew formally charged with obscenity in Florida
- 1991 Gateway Board of Trustees approve a 20-year lease for the Cleveland Indians to play MLB at Jacobs Field
- 1992 South Africa's FIFA membership reinstated (expelled 1961); united non-racial FA, political prisoners released, free political parties
- 1994 FIFA World Cup: In a huge upset Romania eliminates Argentina 3-2 from the round of 16 at the Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California
- 1994 The deadliest day in Texas traffic history, according to the Texas Department of Public Safety. Forty six people killed in crashes.
- 1996 UK House of Commons announces that the Stone of Scone, aka the Stone of Destiny, used in the coronation of Scottish (and subsequently English and British monarchs), will be returned to Scotland after 700 years in Westminster Abbey
- 1997 Mississippi becomes 1st state to settle tobacco suit
- 1998 "Svoboda", oldest Ukrainian language newspaper in US, founded in 1893 in Jersey City, New Jersey, contracts from daily to weekly publication
- 2001 A Vladivostok Avia Tupolev TU-154 jetliner crashes on approach to landing at Irkutsk, Russia killing 145 people
- 2001 At a meeting of its oil ministers, OPEC agrees to maintain current production quotas; ministers indicate that, if Iraqi oil returns to the market, they may cut production in response to maintain their desired level of prices
- 2004 Official opening of Bangkok's subway system.
- 2005 The national law legalizing same-sex marriage takes effect in Spain
- 2006 Asteroid labeled as 2004 XP14 flies 432,308 km (268,624 miles) by Earth.
Sports History
2006 Detroit Red Wings legend Steve Yzerman officially retires from the NHL, finishing with 692 goals and 1,755 points
Smile
2006 English singer-songwriter Lily Allen releases her debut single "Smile"
- 2007 "Just Got Started Lovin' You" single released by James Otto (Billboard Song of the Year 2008)
Swiss Win America's Cup
2007 America's Cup: Swiss defender Alinghi beats Team New Zealand by 1 second to take the series 5-2 off Valencia, Spain
Coup d'état
2013 President of Egypt Mohamed Morsi is deposed by the military in a coup d'état with Adly Mansour appointed interim president
Event of Interest
2017 French President Emmanuel Macron speech at Palace of Versailles proposes radical government changes, including reduction of MPs
- 2018 Australian cricket batsman Aaron Finch breaks his own T20 International record smashing 172 from 76 balls vs Zimbabwe in Harare, opening stand with D'Arcy Short (223) also a record
Event of Interest
2018 Former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak is arrested on corruption charges, accused of stealing 700 million from state development fund 1MDB
- 2018 French President Emmanuel Macron visits the New Afrika Shrine nightclub in Lagos during his two-day tour of Nigeria
- 2018 Souad Abderrahim is elected the first female mayor of Tunis, Tunisia
- 2018 Worst monsoon rains in decades swamp Lahore, Pakistan, killing 6
- 2019 Atlético Madrid sign Portugal forward Joao Felix for €126m (£113m) from Benfica in the fifth most expensive transfer in football history
- 2019 Heavy monsoon rains strike Mumbai and surrounding Maharashtra state in India killing at least 43, worst flooding in a decade
- 2019 Italian David-Maria Sassoli chosen as new European Parliament President
- 2019 More than a million people ordered to evacuate Japanese island of Kyushu amid warnings of mudslides after 1,000mm (39in) of rainfall
- 2019 US produces the most waste per head globally and recycles the least at 35% according to new research by Verisk Maplecroft, Germany recycles the most at 68%
- 2020 Major League Baseball All-Star Game planned to be hosted on July 14 by the LA Dodgers is cancelled due to government restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic
- 2020 MLB Cleveland Indians owner Paul Dolan announces he would review changing the organization's name
- 2021 Mudslides crash through town of Atami, Japan, after torrential rain, killing 19, with over 100 people initially missing
- 2021 Worst wildfires in Cyprus' history begin in Limassol district, spreading in next few days and killing four people
- 2022 Sri Lanka says it has less than one day's worth of fuel, as its economic crisis deepens, closing schools and stopping public transport [1]
- 2023 Hottest global temperature ever recorded as average global temperature tops 17.01 degrees Celsius (previous record 16.92 degrees Celsius August 13, 2016)
- 2023 Israel launches its biggest military operation against militants in the Jenin refugee camp, West Bank, in 20 years, killing 8 people and injuring 100 according to Palestinian authorities [1]
- 2023 State of Emergency declared in Yakutia region, Siberia, as more than 110 forest fires rage across 61,000 hectares (151,000 acres) [1]
- 2024 Earliest example of narrative cave art is dated to 51,200 years ago, from Indonesian caves of Maros-Pangkep, South Sulawesi, depicting people hunting a pig [1]
- 2024 Hurricane Beryl passes 45 miles south of Kingston, Jamaica, as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 140 mph [1]
- 2024 Israel approves largest land grab in occupied West Bank in three decades, 12.7 square km (nearly 5 square m) in the Jordan Valley, aiming to prevent a Palestinian state [1]
- 2024 Researchers learn Hippos can fly - or at least become airborne in a UK study of their footfall patterns showed them trotting at such speed their feet all left the ground [1]
